Question 1

Thrombophilia can result in conditions such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  severe chronic kidney disease. 
B)  peripheral vascular disease. 
C)  deficient calcium levels in the long bones. 
D)  excessive bleeding of hematomas. 
A)  severe chronic kidney disease. 
B)  peripheral vascular disease. 
C)  deficient calcium levels in the long bones. 
D)  excessive bleeding of hematomas. B

Question 2

What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Persistent hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism 
C)  Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination 
D)  Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves 
A)  Persistent hyperbilirubinemia 
B)  Increasing acidosis affecting metabolism 
C)  Vitamin B12 deficit causing peripheral nerve demyelination 
D)  Multiple small vascular occlusions affecting peripheral nerves C

Question 3

Leukemia is sometimes linked to chromosome abnormalities, as evidenced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of Philadelphia chromosome translocation in cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 
B)  very low incidence in persons with Down syndrome. 
C)  little evidence of familial incidence. 
D)  transmission as a recessive gene. 
A)  the presence of Philadelphia chromosome translocation in cases of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 
B)  very low incidence in persons with Down syndrome. 
C)  little evidence of familial incidence. 
D)  transmission as a recessive gene. A

Question 4

What is the basic abnormality in thalassemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Several amino acids in the globin chains have been replaced by substitute amino acids. 
B)  More than four globin chains are found in the erythrocytes. 
C)  The iron molecule is displaced in hemoglobin. 
D)  There is failure to synthesize either the alpha or beta chains in the hemoglobin molecule. 
A)  Several amino acids in the globin chains have been replaced by substitute amino acids. 
B)  More than four globin chains are found in the erythrocytes. 
C)  The iron molecule is displaced in hemoglobin. 
D)  There is failure to synthesize either the alpha or beta chains in the hemoglobin molecule.

Question 5

Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B₁₂?

Accepted Answer

A)  An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin. 
B)  Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin. 
C)  The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa. 
D)  The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood. 
A)  An immune reaction in the stomach would destroy the vitamin. 
B)  Digestive enzymes would destroy the vitamin. 
C)  The vitamin irritates the gastric mucosa. 
D)  The ingested vitamin would not be absorbed into the blood.

Question 6

All of the following apply to vitamin K EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is used as an antidote for warfarin (Coumadin). 
B)  the liver requires it to produce prothrombin. 
C)  it is a fat-soluble vitamin. 
D)  the bone marrow requires it to synthesize hemoglobin. 
A)  it is used as an antidote for warfarin (Coumadin). 
B)  the liver requires it to produce prothrombin. 
C)  it is a fat-soluble vitamin. 
D)  the bone marrow requires it to synthesize hemoglobin.

Question 7

Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  contains A and B antibodies. 
B)  contains A and B antigens. 
C)  lacks A and B antibodies. 
D)  lacks A and B antigens. 
A)  contains A and B antibodies. 
B)  contains A and B antigens. 
C)  lacks A and B antibodies. 
D)  lacks A and B antigens.

Question 8

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  A defective gene inherited from both parents 
B)  A chronic bacterial infection 
C)  Bone marrow depression 
D)  An autoimmune reaction 
A)  A defective gene inherited from both parents 
B)  A chronic bacterial infection 
C)  Bone marrow depression 
D)  An autoimmune reaction

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the characteristic erythrocyte associated with pernicious anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypochromic, microcytic 
B)  Normochromic, normocytic 
C)  Elongated, sickle-shaped 
D)  Megaloblastic or macrocytic nucleated cells 
A)  Hypochromic, microcytic 
B)  Normochromic, normocytic 
C)  Elongated, sickle-shaped 
D)  Megaloblastic or macrocytic nucleated cells

Question 10

Jaundice is one typical sign of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sickle cell anemia. 
B)  aplastic anemia. 
C)  iron deficiency anemia. 
D)  acute leukemia. 
A)  sickle cell anemia. 
B)  aplastic anemia. 
C)  iron deficiency anemia. 
D)  acute leukemia.

Question 11

In which blood dyscrasia does pancytopenia develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pernicious anemia 
B)  Aplastic anemia 
C)  Iron deficiency anemia 
D)  Sickle cell anemia 
A)  Pernicious anemia 
B)  Aplastic anemia 
C)  Iron deficiency anemia 
D)  Sickle cell anemia

Question 12

A high percentage of blast cells in the leukocyte population indicates a poor prognosis for an individual with:

Accepted Answer

A)  thalassemia. 
B)  acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 
C)  myelodysplastic syndrome. 
D)  multiple myeloma. 
A)  thalassemia. 
B)  acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 
C)  myelodysplastic syndrome. 
D)  multiple myeloma.

Question 13

What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis 
B)  Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues 
C)  Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism 
D)  Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids 
A)  Lack of folic acid for DNA synthesis 
B)  Frequent microinfarcts in the tissues 
C)  Deficit of oxygen for epithelial cell mitosis and metabolism 
D)  Elevated bilirubin levels in blood and body fluids

Question 14

Which of the following applies to the leukemias?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic leukemias are more common in older people. 
B)  AML is the most common childhood leukemia. 
C)  Exposure to chemicals is not considered a predisposing factor. 
D)  Lymphoid tissue produces abnormal leukocytes. 
A)  Chronic leukemias are more common in older people. 
B)  AML is the most common childhood leukemia. 
C)  Exposure to chemicals is not considered a predisposing factor. 
D)  Lymphoid tissue produces abnormal leukocytes.

Question 15

Chronic blood loss causes anemia because of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  shortened life span of the erythrocytes. 
B)  lower metabolic rate. 
C)  loss of protein and electrolytes. 
D)  smaller amount of recycled iron available. 
A)  shortened life span of the erythrocytes. 
B)  lower metabolic rate. 
C)  loss of protein and electrolytes. 
D)  smaller amount of recycled iron available.

Question 16

Why do vascular occlusions and infarcts occur frequently with sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The red blood cells are abnormally large. 
B)  Increased hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs. 
C)  Erythrocytes change to sickle shape when hypoxia occurs. 
D)  HbS is unable to transport oxygen. 
A)  The red blood cells are abnormally large. 
B)  Increased hemolysis of erythrocytes occurs. 
C)  Erythrocytes change to sickle shape when hypoxia occurs. 
D)  HbS is unable to transport oxygen.

Question 17

Which of the following applies to the etiology of aplastic anemia? It is:

Accepted Answer

A)  idiopathic in many cases. 
B)  a genetic disorder. 
C)  predisposed by exposure to myelotoxins. 
D)  Both A and C. 
A)  idiopathic in many cases. 
B)  a genetic disorder. 
C)  predisposed by exposure to myelotoxins. 
D)  Both A and C.

Question 18

In cases of polycythemia vera, blood pressure is elevated as a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  frequent infarcts in the coronary circulation. 
C)  congested spleen and bone marrow. 
D)  increased renin and aldosterone secretions. 
A)  increased blood volume. 
B)  frequent infarcts in the coronary circulation. 
C)  congested spleen and bone marrow. 
D)  increased renin and aldosterone secretions.

Question 19

Which of the following applies to the condition disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is usually a secondary complication. 
B)  It is always initiated by excessive bleeding. 
C)  It results in an inability of platelets to adhere. 
D)  It is not life threatening. 
A)  It is usually a secondary complication. 
B)  It is always initiated by excessive bleeding. 
C)  It results in an inability of platelets to adhere. 
D)  It is not life threatening.

Question 20

What are the typical early general signs and symptoms of anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chest pain, palpitations 
B)  Jaundice, stomatitis 
C)  Pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue 
D)  Bradycardia, heat intolerance 
A)  Chest pain, palpitations 
B)  Jaundice, stomatitis 
C)  Pallor, dyspnea, and fatigue 
D)  Bradycardia, heat intolerance

Exam 10: Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Thrombophilia can result in conditions such as:

What causes numbness and tingling in the fingers of individuals with untreated pernicious anemia?

Leukemia is sometimes linked to chromosome abnormalities, as evidenced by:

What is the basic abnormality in thalassemia?

Why is pernicious anemia treated with injections of vitamin B₁₂?

All of the following apply to vitamin K EXCEPT:

Individuals with type O blood are considered to be universal donors because their blood:

What is the cause of sickle cell anemia?

Which of the following best describes the characteristic erythrocyte associated with pernicious anemia?

Jaundice is one typical sign of:

In which blood dyscrasia does pancytopenia develop?

A high percentage of blast cells in the leukocyte population indicates a poor prognosis for an individual with:

What is the cause of oral ulcerations and delayed healing occurring with any severe anemia?

Which of the following applies to the leukemias?

Chronic blood loss causes anemia because of the:

Why do vascular occlusions and infarcts occur frequently with sickle cell anemia?

Which of the following applies to the etiology of aplastic anemia? It is:

In cases of polycythemia vera, blood pressure is elevated as a result of:

Which of the following applies to the condition disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?

What are the typical early general signs and symptoms of anemia?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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