Question 1

The laboratory practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  the genotype. 
B)  gene mutation. 
C)  genetic engineering. 
D)  gene therapy. 
A)  the genotype. 
B)  gene mutation. 
C)  genetic engineering. 
D)  gene therapy. C

Question 2

The term proteomics refers to the study of:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA sequences with unknown functions. 
B)  gene sequences in individual chromosomes. 
C)  the proteins resulting from activation of specific genes. 
D)  identifying certain base pairs in DNA. 
A)  DNA sequences with unknown functions. 
B)  gene sequences in individual chromosomes. 
C)  the proteins resulting from activation of specific genes. 
D)  identifying certain base pairs in DNA. C

Question 3

The most invasive prenatal screening test for fetal abnormalities is:

Accepted Answer

A)  ultrasonography. 
B)  amniocentesis. 
C)  X-ray. 
D)  blood tests. 
A)  ultrasonography. 
B)  amniocentesis. 
C)  X-ray. 
D)  blood tests. B

Question 4

When genetic influences combine with environmental factors to cause an abnormality, the result is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomal disorder. 
B)  developmental disorder. 
C)  multifactorial disorder. 
D)  single-gene disorder. 
A)  chromosomal disorder. 
B)  developmental disorder. 
C)  multifactorial disorder. 
D)  single-gene disorder.

Question 5

Blood tests are performed on neonates primarily to:

Accepted Answer

A)  determine need for immediate surgical correction of anomalies. 
B)  identify disorders requiring immediate treatment. 
C)  identify the presence of any inherited disorders. 
D)  rule out the presence of any infection. 
A)  determine need for immediate surgical correction of anomalies. 
B)  identify disorders requiring immediate treatment. 
C)  identify the presence of any inherited disorders. 
D)  rule out the presence of any infection.

Question 6

A spontaneous alteration in genetic material that may result from exposure to harmful substances is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  autosome. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  mutation. 
A)  autosome. 
B)  genotype. 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  mutation.

Question 7

What is the probability of two parents, both carriers of a defective recessive gene, producing a homozygous child (with each pregnancy)?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75% 
A)  0% 
B)  25% 
C)  50% 
D)  75%

Question 8

Which of the following can easily pass through the placental barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many viruses 
B)  Some heavy metals 
C)  Certain chemicals 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Many viruses 
B)  Some heavy metals 
C)  Certain chemicals 
D)  All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The typical physical characteristics are present at birth. 
B)  All children with Down syndrome have the same organ defects and medical problems. 
C)  The extent of cognitive impairment can be assessed at birth. 
D)  The birth of a child with Down syndrome is only a risk to mothers over age 35. 
A)  The typical physical characteristics are present at birth. 
B)  All children with Down syndrome have the same organ defects and medical problems. 
C)  The extent of cognitive impairment can be assessed at birth. 
D)  The birth of a child with Down syndrome is only a risk to mothers over age 35.

Question 10

A mother is a carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the father is unaffected. They have one son with muscular dystrophy. Another male child is expected. The probability of the second son having muscular dystrophy is:

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  0% 
A)  100% 
B)  50% 
C)  25% 
D)  0%

Question 11

A father affected with hemophilia A, whose wife is unaffected, will pass on the defective gene to:

Accepted Answer

A)  all of his sons, who will be affected. 
B)  50% of his sons, who will be affected. 
C)  all of his daughters, who will be carriers. 
D)  50% of his daughters, who will be carriers. 
A)  all of his sons, who will be affected. 
B)  50% of his sons, who will be affected. 
C)  all of his daughters, who will be carriers. 
D)  50% of his daughters, who will be carriers.

Question 12

A person with sickle cell trait that is heterozygous has:

Accepted Answer

A)  an incomplete dominant gene. 
B)  a multifactorial condition. 
C)  co-dominant genes. 
D)  X-linked dominant trait. 
A)  an incomplete dominant gene. 
B)  a multifactorial condition. 
C)  co-dominant genes. 
D)  X-linked dominant trait.

Question 13

Agents that cause damage during embryonic or fetal development are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  teratogenic. 
B)  mutagenic. 
C)  multifactorial agents. 
D)  polygenic agents. 
A)  teratogenic. 
B)  mutagenic. 
C)  multifactorial agents. 
D)  polygenic agents.

Question 14

Which of the following are common manifestations of Down syndrome?
1) Congenital heart defect
2) Cleft lip and palate
3) Large protruding tongue
4) Limited intellectual development

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 4 
D)  1, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 4 
D)  1, 3, 4

Question 15

Exposure to cocaine during pregnancy leads to increased risk of:

Accepted Answer

A)  premature birth. 
B)  respiratory problems. 
C)  sudden infant death syndrome. 
D)  A, B, and C 
A)  premature birth. 
B)  respiratory problems. 
C)  sudden infant death syndrome. 
D)  A, B, and C

Question 16

TORCH is an acronym for routine prenatal screening tests for high-risk maternal infections; TORCH stands for:

Accepted Answer

A)  toxoplasmosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes. 
B)  tuberculosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and HIV. 
C)  toxoplasmosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and HIV. 
D)  tuberculosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and herpes. 
A)  toxoplasmosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes. 
B)  tuberculosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and HIV. 
C)  toxoplasmosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and HIV. 
D)  tuberculosis, other (hepatitis B, mumps, rubeola, varicella, gonorrhea, syphilis), rabies, cytomegalovirus, and herpes.

Question 17

The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to:

Accepted Answer

A)  map the nucleotide sequence and identify the genes on each human chromosome. 
B)  study the common patterns of inheritance of single-gene disorders. 
C)  manipulate the sequence of DNA in microorganisms and animals. 
D)  identify spontaneous alterations in genetic material caused by teratogens. 
A)  map the nucleotide sequence and identify the genes on each human chromosome. 
B)  study the common patterns of inheritance of single-gene disorders. 
C)  manipulate the sequence of DNA in microorganisms and animals. 
D)  identify spontaneous alterations in genetic material caused by teratogens.

Question 18

What is the term for an arrangement of the chromosomes from an individual's cell, organized in pairs based on size and shape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pedigree 
B)  Punnett squares 
C)  Karyotype 
D)  Genotype 
A)  Pedigree 
B)  Punnett squares 
C)  Karyotype 
D)  Genotype

Question 19

Which statement applies to the effects of exposure to harmful substances during embryonic life?
1) During the first two weeks, exposure will usually cause death of the embryo.
2) Organs or body structures may be altered by exposure during the first two months.
3) The effects of exposure depend on the stage of development at the time of exposure.
4) Metabolic abnormalities usually follow exposure to teratogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 3 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4

Question 20

Ultrasonography during pregnancy would be helpful in detecting fetal:

Accepted Answer

A)  enzyme deficits. 
B)  structural anomalies. 
C)  chromosomal defects. 
D)  hormonal abnormalities. 
A)  enzyme deficits. 
B)  structural anomalies. 
C)  chromosomal defects. 
D)  hormonal abnormalities.

Exam 21: Congenital and Genetic Disorders

The laboratory practice of changing DNA sequences in microorganisms is called:

The term proteomics refers to the study of:

The most invasive prenatal screening test for fetal abnormalities is:

When genetic influences combine with environmental factors to cause an abnormality, the result is called a:

Blood tests are performed on neonates primarily to:

A spontaneous alteration in genetic material that may result from exposure to harmful substances is termed:

What is the probability of two parents, both carriers of a defective recessive gene, producing a homozygous child (with each pregnancy)?

Which of the following can easily pass through the placental barrier?

Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is TRUE?

A mother is a carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy; the father is unaffected. They have one son with muscular dystrophy. Another male child is expected. The probability of the second son having muscular dystrophy is:

A father affected with hemophilia A, whose wife is unaffected, will pass on the defective gene to:

A person with sickle cell trait that is heterozygous has:

Agents that cause damage during embryonic or fetal development are called:

Which of the following are common manifestations of Down syndrome? 1) Congenital heart defect 2) Cleft lip and palate 3) Large protruding tongue 4) Limited intellectual development

Exposure to cocaine during pregnancy leads to increased risk of:

TORCH is an acronym for routine prenatal screening tests for high-risk maternal infections; TORCH stands for:

The purpose of the Human Genome Project was to:

What is the term for an arrangement of the chromosomes from an individual's cell, organized in pairs based on size and shape?

Ultrasonography during pregnancy would be helpful in detecting fetal:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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