Question 1

Replacement of damaged tissue by similar functional cells is termed:

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrosis. 
B)  regeneration. 
C)  resolution. 
D)  repair by scar tissue. 
A)  fibrosis. 
B)  regeneration. 
C)  resolution. 
D)  repair by scar tissue. B

Question 2

Which of the following is a serious potential complication found only with the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased risk of infection at the site of inflammation 
B)  Reye's syndrome developing in children and young adults 
C)  Increased incidence of heart attacks 
D)  Greatly delayed blood clotting 
A)  Increased risk of infection at the site of inflammation 
B)  Reye's syndrome developing in children and young adults 
C)  Increased incidence of heart attacks 
D)  Greatly delayed blood clotting C

Question 3

One goal for current research in tissue engineering is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  create a functional replacement tissue when regeneration is not possible. 
B)  adapt cells from the injured organ to produce replacement tissue. 
C)  design a nonliving synthetic replacement tissue. 
D)  use stem cells as a temporary covering for damaged tissue. 
A)  create a functional replacement tissue when regeneration is not possible. 
B)  adapt cells from the injured organ to produce replacement tissue. 
C)  design a nonliving synthetic replacement tissue. 
D)  use stem cells as a temporary covering for damaged tissue. A

Question 4

Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:

Accepted Answer

A)  are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood. 
B)  often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response. 
C)  are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response. 
D)  are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever. 
A)  are a type of plasma protein normally present in the circulating blood. 
B)  often indicate the precise location of an inflammatory response. 
C)  are normally released from leukocytes during the inflammatory response. 
D)  are pyrogens, causing low-grade fever.

Question 5

Which of the following promotes rapid healing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Closely approximated edges of a wound 
B)  Presence of foreign material 
C)  Exposure to radiation 
D)  Vasoconstriction in the involved area 
A)  Closely approximated edges of a wound 
B)  Presence of foreign material 
C)  Exposure to radiation 
D)  Vasoconstriction in the involved area

Question 6

Systemic effects of severe inflammation include:

Accepted Answer

A)  erythema and warmth. 
B)  loss of movement at the affected joint. 
C)  fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever. 
D)  abscess formation. 
A)  erythema and warmth. 
B)  loss of movement at the affected joint. 
C)  fatigue, anorexia, and mild fever. 
D)  abscess formation.

Question 7

All of the following are factors that promote healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  good nutrition: protein, vitamins A and C. 
B)  a clean, undisturbed wound. 
C)  effective circulation. 
D)  advanced age. 
A)  good nutrition: protein, vitamins A and C. 
B)  a clean, undisturbed wound. 
C)  effective circulation. 
D)  advanced age.

Question 8

Which of the following helps to localize and "wall off" the foreign material during an inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Increased fluid 
C)  Fibrinogen 
D)  Antibodies 
A)  Lymphocytes 
B)  Increased fluid 
C)  Fibrinogen 
D)  Antibodies

Question 9

A woman has burns on the anterior surfaces of her right arm, chest, and right leg. The percentage of body surface area burned is approximately:

Accepted Answer

A)  13.5%. 
B)  18%. 
C)  22.5%. 
D)  31.5%. 
A)  13.5%. 
B)  18%. 
C)  22.5%. 
D)  31.5%.

Question 10

Systemic manifestations of inflammation include all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyrexia. 
B)  malaise. 
C)  local swelling. 
D)  anorexia. 
A)  pyrexia. 
B)  malaise. 
C)  local swelling. 
D)  anorexia.

Question 11

Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include:

Accepted Answer

A)  albumin and fibrinogen. 
B)  growth factors and cell enzymes. 
C)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
D)  histamine and prostaglandins. 
A)  albumin and fibrinogen. 
B)  growth factors and cell enzymes. 
C)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
D)  histamine and prostaglandins.

Question 12

Scar tissue consists primarily of:

Accepted Answer

A)  granulation tissue. 
B)  epithelial cells. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  new capillaries and smooth muscle fibers. 
A)  granulation tissue. 
B)  epithelial cells. 
C)  collagen fibers. 
D)  new capillaries and smooth muscle fibers.

Question 13

Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include:

Accepted Answer

A)  general cutaneous vasodilation. 
B)  generalized shivering. 
C)  increased heart rate. 
D)  increased metabolic rate. 
A)  general cutaneous vasodilation. 
B)  generalized shivering. 
C)  increased heart rate. 
D)  increased metabolic rate.

Question 14

Hypermetabolism is common with major burns because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased heat loss from the burn wound. 
B)  demand for tissue repair. 
C)  recurrent stress response. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  increased heat loss from the burn wound. 
B)  demand for tissue repair. 
C)  recurrent stress response. 
D)  All of the above

Question 15

Which of the following statements applies to fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral infection is usually present. 
B)  Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated. 
C)  It is caused by a signal to the thalamus. 
D)  It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation. 
A)  Viral infection is usually present. 
B)  Heat-loss mechanisms have been stimulated. 
C)  It is caused by a signal to the thalamus. 
D)  It results from release of pyrogens into the circulation.

Question 16

Glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation because they directly:

Accepted Answer

A)  promote the release of prostaglandins at the site. 
B)  decrease capillary permeability. 
C)  mobilize lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
D)  prevent infection. 
A)  promote the release of prostaglandins at the site. 
B)  decrease capillary permeability. 
C)  mobilize lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
D)  prevent infection.

Question 17

The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:

Accepted Answer

A)  during allergic reactions. 
B)  during chronic inflammation. 
C)  to produce antibodies. 
D)  in order to promote phagocytosis. 
A)  during allergic reactions. 
B)  during chronic inflammation. 
C)  to produce antibodies. 
D)  in order to promote phagocytosis.

Question 18

An abscess contains:

Accepted Answer

A)  serous exudate. 
B)  purulent exudate. 
C)  fibrinous exudate. 
D)  hemorrhagic exudate. 
A)  serous exudate. 
B)  purulent exudate. 
C)  fibrinous exudate. 
D)  hemorrhagic exudate.

Question 19

Which chemical mediator is involved in prolonging the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bradykinin 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Leukotrienes 
D)  Chemotactic factors 
A)  Bradykinin 
B)  Histamine 
C)  Leukotrienes 
D)  Chemotactic factors

Question 20

Identify the proper sequence in the healing process.

Accepted Answer

A)  A blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels develop; phagocytosis of foreign material and cell debris occurs; and collagen fibers form a tight, strong scar. 
B)  A blood clot forms; phagocytes remove foreign material and cell debris; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers promote formation of a tight, strong scar. 
C)  Collagen fibers form in the damaged area; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; angiogenesis takes place; and foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes. 
D)  Foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers grow and cross-link. 
A)  A blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels develop; phagocytosis of foreign material and cell debris occurs; and collagen fibers form a tight, strong scar. 
B)  A blood clot forms; phagocytes remove foreign material and cell debris; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers promote formation of a tight, strong scar. 
C)  Collagen fibers form in the damaged area; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; angiogenesis takes place; and foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes. 
D)  Foreign material and cell debris are removed by phagocytes; a blood clot forms; granulation tissue grows into the gap; new blood vessels form; and collagen fibers grow and cross-link.

Exam 5: Inflammation and Healing

Replacement of damaged tissue by similar functional cells is termed:

Which of the following is a serious potential complication found only with the anti-inflammatory COX-2 inhibitor drugs?

One goal for current research in tissue engineering is to:

Isoenzymes in the circulating blood:

Which of the following promotes rapid healing?

Systemic effects of severe inflammation include:

All of the following are factors that promote healing EXCEPT:

Which of the following helps to localize and "wall off" the foreign material during an inflammatory response?

A woman has burns on the anterior surfaces of her right arm, chest, and right leg. The percentage of body surface area burned is approximately:

Systemic manifestations of inflammation include all EXCEPT:

Chemical mediators released during the inflammatory response include:

Scar tissue consists primarily of:

Mechanisms to bring an elevated body temperature down to the normal level include:

Hypermetabolism is common with major burns because of:

Which of the following statements applies to fever?

Glucocorticoids are used to treat inflammation because they directly:

The number of neutrophils in the blood is increased significantly:

An abscess contains:

Which chemical mediator is involved in prolonging the inflammatory response?

Identify the proper sequence in the healing process.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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