Question 1

Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include:

Accepted Answer

A)  edema and erythema. 
B)  area of necrosis and loss of function. 
C)  pain and tenderness. 
D)  fever and malaise. 
A)  edema and erythema. 
B)  area of necrosis and loss of function. 
C)  pain and tenderness. 
D)  fever and malaise.

Question 2

All of the following are correct statements regarding wound healing EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Resolution occurs where there is minimal tissue damage and the cells can recover. 
B)  Granulation tissue forms a permanent replacement for damaged tissue. 
C)  Regeneration occurs where the cells are capable of mitosis. 
D)  Scar tissue forms where the surrounding cells are incapable of mitosis. 
A)  Resolution occurs where there is minimal tissue damage and the cells can recover. 
B)  Granulation tissue forms a permanent replacement for damaged tissue. 
C)  Regeneration occurs where the cells are capable of mitosis. 
D)  Scar tissue forms where the surrounding cells are incapable of mitosis.

Question 3

A serous exudate is best described as a:

Accepted Answer

A)  thin, watery, colorless exudate. 
B)  thick, sticky, cloudy secretion. 
C)  thick, greenish material containing microbes. 
D)  brownish, clotted material. 
A)  thin, watery, colorless exudate. 
B)  thick, sticky, cloudy secretion. 
C)  thick, greenish material containing microbes. 
D)  brownish, clotted material.

Question 4

Granulation tissue is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  highly vascular, very fragile, and very susceptible to infection. 
B)  an erosion through the wall of viscera, leading to complications. 
C)  a type of adhesion with no vascularization. 
D)  a form of stenosis, in a duct, that is extremely tough and resists attack by microbes. 
A)  highly vascular, very fragile, and very susceptible to infection. 
B)  an erosion through the wall of viscera, leading to complications. 
C)  a type of adhesion with no vascularization. 
D)  a form of stenosis, in a duct, that is extremely tough and resists attack by microbes.

Question 5

A typical source of infection in burn areas is:

Accepted Answer

A)  the skin grafts. 
B)  microbes surviving in the hair follicles in the burn area. 
C)  circulating blood bringing microbes to the burn wound. 
D)  opportunistic virus in digestive tract. 
A)  the skin grafts. 
B)  microbes surviving in the hair follicles in the burn area. 
C)  circulating blood bringing microbes to the burn wound. 
D)  opportunistic virus in digestive tract.

Question 6

Healing of large areas of skin loss (including dermis and epidermis) would be most successful through:

Accepted Answer

A)  rapid mitosis and regeneration of skin layers. 
B)  resolution of damaged cells in the area. 
C)  covering the area with biosynthetic skin substitute. 
D)  graft of fibrous tissue to the area. 
A)  rapid mitosis and regeneration of skin layers. 
B)  resolution of damaged cells in the area. 
C)  covering the area with biosynthetic skin substitute. 
D)  graft of fibrous tissue to the area.

Question 7

A burn area in which the epidermis and part of the dermis is destroyed is classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  full-thickness. 
B)  deep partial-thickness. 
C)  superficial partial-thickness. 
D)  first-degree. 
A)  full-thickness. 
B)  deep partial-thickness. 
C)  superficial partial-thickness. 
D)  first-degree.

Question 8

The advantages of applying a biosynthetic skin substitute to a large area of full-thickness burns include:
1) reduced risk of infection.
2) decreased loss of plasma protein and fluid.
3) developing stronger fibrous scar tissue.
4) more rapid healing.
5) regeneration of all glands, nerves, and hair follicles.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3 
B)  4, 5 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  2, 3, 5 
A)  1, 3 
B)  4, 5 
C)  1, 2, 4 
D)  2, 3, 5

Question 9

Drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities include:
1) COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs).
2) glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone).
3) ibuprofen (NSAID).
4) acetaminophen.
5) aspirin (ASA).

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 3, 5 
D)  1, 4, 5 
A)  1, 2 
B)  2, 4 
C)  1, 3, 5 
D)  1, 4, 5

Question 10

The characteristic appearance of a full-thickness burn is:

Accepted Answer

A)  painful with multiple blisters. 
B)  heavy bleeding. 
C)  red with some swelling. 
D)  dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface. 
A)  painful with multiple blisters. 
B)  heavy bleeding. 
C)  red with some swelling. 
D)  dry, firm, charred, or hard white surface.

Question 11

Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased bone density. 
B)  wasting of skeletal muscle. 
C)  opportunistic infections. 
D)  increased leukocyte production. 
A)  decreased bone density. 
B)  wasting of skeletal muscle. 
C)  opportunistic infections. 
D)  increased leukocyte production.

Question 12

Purulent exudates usually contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water. 
B)  red blood cells & all types of white blood cells. 
C)  numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris. 
D)  large amounts of water containing a few cells. 
A)  small amounts of plasma protein & histamine in water. 
B)  red blood cells & all types of white blood cells. 
C)  numerous leukocytes, bacteria, and cell debris. 
D)  large amounts of water containing a few cells.

Question 13

The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  redness. 
B)  loss of function. 
C)  nausea. 
D)  swelling. 
A)  redness. 
B)  loss of function. 
C)  nausea. 
D)  swelling.

Question 14

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to:

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytosis of foreign material. 
B)  local vasodilation. 
C)  any tissue injury. 
D)  formation of purulent exudates. 
A)  phagocytosis of foreign material. 
B)  local vasodilation. 
C)  any tissue injury. 
D)  formation of purulent exudates.

Question 15

Edema associated with inflammation results directly from:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment. 
B)  increased phagocytes in the affected area. 
C)  decreased capillary permeability. 
D)  general vasoconstriction. 
A)  increased fluid and protein in the interstitial compartment. 
B)  increased phagocytes in the affected area. 
C)  decreased capillary permeability. 
D)  general vasoconstriction.

Question 16

Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation caused by an allergen or a burn will typically produce a serous exudate. 
B)  Infection is one cause of inflammation. 
C)  Inflammation is the body's nonspecific response to tissue injury. 
D)  Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation. 
A)  Inflammation caused by an allergen or a burn will typically produce a serous exudate. 
B)  Infection is one cause of inflammation. 
C)  Inflammation is the body's nonspecific response to tissue injury. 
D)  Disorders are named using the ending -sarcoma to indicate inflammation.

Question 17

Which of the following cellular elements found in the inflammatory response are responsible for phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Macrophages 
B)  Basophils 
C)  B lymphocytes 
D)  T lymphocytes 
E)  Eosinophils 
A)  Macrophages 
B)  Basophils 
C)  B lymphocytes 
D)  T lymphocytes 
E)  Eosinophils

Question 18

A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because:

Accepted Answer

A)  bleeding occurs under the burn surface. 
B)  the heart is damaged by toxic materials from the burn. 
C)  fluid and protein shift out of the blood. 
D)  vasoconstriction occurs in the burn area. 
A)  bleeding occurs under the burn surface. 
B)  the heart is damaged by toxic materials from the burn. 
C)  fluid and protein shift out of the blood. 
D)  vasoconstriction occurs in the burn area.

Question 19

Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  interferons. 
D)  pyrogens. 
A)  neutrophils. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  interferons. 
D)  pyrogens.

Question 20

Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause:
1) atrophy of lymphoid tissue.
2) increased resistance to infection.
3) thrombocytopenia.
4) decreased protein synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  1, 4 
D)  2, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  1, 4 
D)  2, 4

Exam 5: Inflammation and Healing

Systemic manifestations of an inflammatory response include:

All of the following are correct statements regarding wound healing EXCEPT:

A serous exudate is best described as a:

Granulation tissue is best described as:

A typical source of infection in burn areas is:

Healing of large areas of skin loss (including dermis and epidermis) would be most successful through:

A burn area in which the epidermis and part of the dermis is destroyed is classified as:

Drugs that have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities include: 1) COX-2 inhibitors (NSAIDs). 2) glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone). 3) ibuprofen (NSAID). 4) acetaminophen. 5) aspirin (ASA).

The characteristic appearance of a full-thickness burn is:

Patients taking glucocorticoids for long periods of time are likely to develop all of the following EXCEPT:

Purulent exudates usually contain:

The cardinal signs of inflammation include all of the following EXCEPT:

The inflammatory response is a nonspecific response to:

Edema associated with inflammation results directly from:

Which of the following statements regarding inflammation is incorrect?

Which of the following cellular elements found in the inflammatory response are responsible for phagocytosis?

A large burn area predisposes to decreased blood pressure because:

Nonspecific agents that protect uninfected cells against viruses are called:

Prolonged administration of glucocorticoids such as prednisone may cause: 1) atrophy of lymphoid tissue. 2) increased resistance to infection. 3) thrombocytopenia. 4) decreased protein synthesis.

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Digestive System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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