Question 1

Why does mild hyperbilirubinemia occur in newborns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood incompatibility between mother and child 
B)  Damage to many erythrocytes during the birth process 
C)  Poor circulation and albumin transport for bilirubin 
D)  Immature liver cannot process bilirubin quickly enough 
A)  Blood incompatibility between mother and child 
B)  Damage to many erythrocytes during the birth process 
C)  Poor circulation and albumin transport for bilirubin 
D)  Immature liver cannot process bilirubin quickly enough

Question 2

What does congenital esophageal atresia cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Direct passage of saliva and food from the mouth into the trachea 
B)  Repeated reflux of gastric secretions into the esophagus 
C)  No fluid or food entering the stomach 
D)  Gastric distention and cramps 
A)  Direct passage of saliva and food from the mouth into the trachea 
B)  Repeated reflux of gastric secretions into the esophagus 
C)  No fluid or food entering the stomach 
D)  Gastric distention and cramps

Question 3

What causes hypovolemic shock to develop with intestinal obstruction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continued vomiting and fluid shift into the intestine 
B)  Hemorrhage into the intestine 
C)  Rupture of the intestinal wall 
D)  Repeated bouts of severe diarrhea 
A)  Continued vomiting and fluid shift into the intestine 
B)  Hemorrhage into the intestine 
C)  Rupture of the intestinal wall 
D)  Repeated bouts of severe diarrhea

Question 4

Which of the following is the most frequent location of peptic ulcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lower esophagus 
B)  Antrum of the stomach 
C)  Proximal duodenum 
D)  Distal duodenum 
A)  Lower esophagus 
B)  Antrum of the stomach 
C)  Proximal duodenum 
D)  Distal duodenum

Question 5

How does iron deficiency anemia frequently develop with ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Loss of surface area for absorption in the ileum 
B)  Bone marrow depression by toxic wastes 
C)  Chronic blood loss in stools 
D)  Insufficient hydrochloric acid for iron absorption 
A)  Loss of surface area for absorption in the ileum 
B)  Bone marrow depression by toxic wastes 
C)  Chronic blood loss in stools 
D)  Insufficient hydrochloric acid for iron absorption

Question 6

How may a fistula form with Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of peristalsis, leading to dilated areas of intestine 
B)  Fibrosis and thickening of the wall, causing obstruction 
C)  Erosion of the mucosa, causing bleeding 
D)  Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between intestinal loops 
A)  Lack of peristalsis, leading to dilated areas of intestine 
B)  Fibrosis and thickening of the wall, causing obstruction 
C)  Erosion of the mucosa, causing bleeding 
D)  Recurrent inflammation, necrosis, and fibrosis, forming a connection between intestinal loops

Question 7

Bile pigment gallstones are more common in individuals dealing with:

Accepted Answer

A)  obesity. 
B)  high cholesterol levels. 
C)  alcoholic cirrhosis. 
D)  use of oral contraceptives. 
A)  obesity. 
B)  high cholesterol levels. 
C)  alcoholic cirrhosis. 
D)  use of oral contraceptives.

Question 8

What is a typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Change in shape of the stool 
B)  Incomplete emptying 
C)  Mild but persistent pain in the lower left quadrant 
D)  Occult blood in the stool 
A)  Change in shape of the stool 
B)  Incomplete emptying 
C)  Mild but persistent pain in the lower left quadrant 
D)  Occult blood in the stool

Question 9

Which of the following occurs with hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

A)  The liver is inflamed and enlarged. 
B)  Blood clotting delays are apparent at onset. 
C)  Hepatocytes cannot regenerate when the virus is present. 
D)  Infection is self-limiting. 
A)  The liver is inflamed and enlarged. 
B)  Blood clotting delays are apparent at onset. 
C)  Hepatocytes cannot regenerate when the virus is present. 
D)  Infection is self-limiting.

Question 10

What are the typical changes occurring with Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Degeneration and flattening of the villi in the small intestine 
B)  Multiple herniations of the mucosa through weak areas of the muscularis 
C)  A continuous area of mucosal inflammation and ulceration in the rectum and colon 
D)  Inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas 
A)  Degeneration and flattening of the villi in the small intestine 
B)  Multiple herniations of the mucosa through weak areas of the muscularis 
C)  A continuous area of mucosal inflammation and ulceration in the rectum and colon 
D)  Inflamed areas of the wall of the ileum alternating with thick fibrotic or normal areas

Question 11

In peptic ulcer disease, which of the following does NOT decrease the resistance of the mucosal barrier?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged vasoconstriction 
B)  Excessive glucocorticoid intake 
C)  Proteases and cytotoxins from H. pylori 
D)  Decreased vagal stimulation 
A)  Prolonged vasoconstriction 
B)  Excessive glucocorticoid intake 
C)  Proteases and cytotoxins from H. pylori 
D)  Decreased vagal stimulation

Question 12

Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cholelithiasis. 
B)  cholecystitis. 
C)  cholangitis. 
D)  choledocholithiasis. 
A)  cholelithiasis. 
B)  cholecystitis. 
C)  cholangitis. 
D)  choledocholithiasis.

Question 13

When dehydration reduces the compensation possible for acidosis resulting from prolonged diarrhea, what significant change in arterial blood gases indicates this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serum pH would rise above 7.45. 
B)  Serum bicarbonate levels would increase, and serum pH would remain in normal range. 
C)  Serum bicarbonate levels would decrease, and serum pH would drop below 7.35. 
D)  Serum PCO2 would rise, and serum pH would be around 7.4. 
A)  Serum pH would rise above 7.45. 
B)  Serum bicarbonate levels would increase, and serum pH would remain in normal range. 
C)  Serum bicarbonate levels would decrease, and serum pH would drop below 7.35. 
D)  Serum PCO2 would rise, and serum pH would be around 7.4.

Question 14

What is the primary cause of increased bleeding tendencies associated with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anemia and leucopenia 
B)  Jaundice and pruritus 
C)  Recurrent infections 
D)  Deficit of vitamin K and prothrombin 
A)  Anemia and leucopenia 
B)  Jaundice and pruritus 
C)  Recurrent infections 
D)  Deficit of vitamin K and prothrombin

Question 15

Which of the following cells in the gastric mucosa produce intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parietal cells 
B)  Chief cells 
C)  Mucous cells 
D)  Gastrin cells 
A)  Parietal cells 
B)  Chief cells 
C)  Mucous cells 
D)  Gastrin cells

Question 16

Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because:

Accepted Answer

A)  of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands. 
B)  of reduced bicarbonate content in bile and pancreatic secretions. 
C)  stress increases the number of acid- and pepsinogen-secreting cells. 
D)  increased epinephrine increases motility. 
A)  of reduced blood flow to the gastric wall and mucous glands. 
B)  of reduced bicarbonate content in bile and pancreatic secretions. 
C)  stress increases the number of acid- and pepsinogen-secreting cells. 
D)  increased epinephrine increases motility.

Question 17

What does the term gluconeogenesis refer to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose 
B)  Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage 
C)  Formation of glucose from protein and fat 
D)  Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water 
A)  Breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose 
B)  Conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage 
C)  Formation of glucose from protein and fat 
D)  Breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

With acute appendicitis, localized pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant results from:

Accepted Answer

A)  increased peristalsis in the adjacent colon. 
B)  inflammation and stretching of the appendiceal wall. 
C)  increased gas and fluid inside the appendix. 
D)  local inflammation of the parietal peritoneum. 
A)  increased peristalsis in the adjacent colon. 
B)  inflammation and stretching of the appendiceal wall. 
C)  increased gas and fluid inside the appendix. 
D)  local inflammation of the parietal peritoneum.

Question 19

What is the primary cause of esophageal varices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins 
B)  Alcohol irritating the mucosa 
C)  Failure to inactivate estrogen 
D)  Poor nutritional status 
A)  Increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins 
B)  Alcohol irritating the mucosa 
C)  Failure to inactivate estrogen 
D)  Poor nutritional status

Question 20

Which of the following statements applies to bile salts?

Accepted Answer

A)  They give feces the characteristic brown color. 
B)  They are enzymes used to break down fats into free fatty acids. 
C)  They emulsify lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. 
D)  They are excreted in the feces. 
A)  They give feces the characteristic brown color. 
B)  They are enzymes used to break down fats into free fatty acids. 
C)  They emulsify lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins. 
D)  They are excreted in the feces.

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

Why does mild hyperbilirubinemia occur in newborns?

What does congenital esophageal atresia cause?

What causes hypovolemic shock to develop with intestinal obstruction?

Which of the following is the most frequent location of peptic ulcers?

How does iron deficiency anemia frequently develop with ulcerative colitis?

How may a fistula form with Crohn's disease?

Bile pigment gallstones are more common in individuals dealing with:

What is a typical early sign of cancer in the ascending colon?

Which of the following occurs with hepatitis B?

What are the typical changes occurring with Crohn's disease?

In peptic ulcer disease, which of the following does NOT decrease the resistance of the mucosal barrier?

Obstruction of the biliary tract by gallstones is referred to as:

When dehydration reduces the compensation possible for acidosis resulting from prolonged diarrhea, what significant change in arterial blood gases indicates this?

What is the primary cause of increased bleeding tendencies associated with cirrhosis?

Which of the following cells in the gastric mucosa produce intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid?

Prolonged or severe stress predisposes to peptic ulcer disease because:

What does the term gluconeogenesis refer to?

With acute appendicitis, localized pain and tenderness in the lower right quadrant results from:

What is the primary cause of esophageal varices?

Which of the following statements applies to bile salts?

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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