Question 1

What is the likely effect of long-term exposure to a hepatotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Full recovery to normal tissue after the toxic material has been removed 
B)  Acute onset of vomiting, steatorrhea, and jaundice 
C)  Continued mild inflammation of the liver without permanent damage 
D)  Gradual irreversible damage to the liver and cirrhosis 
A)  Full recovery to normal tissue after the toxic material has been removed 
B)  Acute onset of vomiting, steatorrhea, and jaundice 
C)  Continued mild inflammation of the liver without permanent damage 
D)  Gradual irreversible damage to the liver and cirrhosis

Question 2

What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?

Accepted Answer

A)  Unrefrigerated custards or salad dressings 
B)  Poorly canned foods 
C)  Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs 
D)  Contaminated water 
A)  Unrefrigerated custards or salad dressings 
B)  Poorly canned foods 
C)  Raw or undercooked poultry or eggs 
D)  Contaminated water

Question 3

How does serum bilirubin change with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased unconjugated bilirubin 
B)  Increased conjugated bilirubin 
C)  Increased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Decreased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
A)  Increased unconjugated bilirubin 
B)  Increased conjugated bilirubin 
C)  Increased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin 
D)  Decreased conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin

Question 4

Which of the following stimulates increased peristalsis and secretions in the digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sympathetic nervous system 
B)  Vagus nerve 
C)  Increased saliva 
D)  Absence of food in the system 
A)  Sympathetic nervous system 
B)  Vagus nerve 
C)  Increased saliva 
D)  Absence of food in the system

Question 5

Choose the significant change in arterial blood gases expected with prolonged severe vomiting:

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased bicarbonate ion, increased PCO2, serum pH 7.4 
B)  Decreased bicarbonate ion, decreased PCO2, serum pH 7.35 
C)  Increased bicarbonate ion, decreased PCO2, serum pH 7.35 
D)  Decreased bicarbonate ion, increased PCO2, serum pH 7.45 
A)  Increased bicarbonate ion, increased PCO2, serum pH 7.4 
B)  Decreased bicarbonate ion, decreased PCO2, serum pH 7.35 
C)  Increased bicarbonate ion, decreased PCO2, serum pH 7.35 
D)  Decreased bicarbonate ion, increased PCO2, serum pH 7.45

Question 6

Which factor(s) appear(s) to have a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dietary factors 
B)  Environmental toxins 
C)  Genetic and immunological factors 
D)  Chronic alcoholism 
A)  Dietary factors 
B)  Environmental toxins 
C)  Genetic and immunological factors 
D)  Chronic alcoholism

Question 7

Gastroesophageal reflux disease involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. 
B)  constant flow of intestinal and gastric contents into the esophagus. 
C)  spasmodic and violent vomiting of gastric contents. 
D)  violent spasming of the esophagus, causing choking. 
A)  periodic flow of gastric contents into the esophagus. 
B)  constant flow of intestinal and gastric contents into the esophagus. 
C)  spasmodic and violent vomiting of gastric contents. 
D)  violent spasming of the esophagus, causing choking.

Question 8

A congenital condition in which parasympathetic innervation is missing from a section of the colon, impairing motility is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  diverticulitis. 
B)  Crohn's disease. 
C)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
D)  Hirschsprung's disease. 
A)  diverticulitis. 
B)  Crohn's disease. 
C)  irritable bowel syndrome. 
D)  Hirschsprung's disease.

Question 9

Which of the following would a perforated gastric ulcer likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Severe anemia 
B)  Chemical peritonitis 
C)  Severe gastric hemorrhage 
D)  Pyloric obstruction 
A)  Severe anemia 
B)  Chemical peritonitis 
C)  Severe gastric hemorrhage 
D)  Pyloric obstruction

Question 10

What is the most common type of hepatitis transmitted by blood transfusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  HAV 
B)  HBV 
C)  HCV 
D)  HEV 
A)  HAV 
B)  HBV 
C)  HCV 
D)  HEV

Question 11

Following gastric resection, the onset of nausea, cramps, and dizziness immediately after meals indicates:

Accepted Answer

A)  a large volume of chyme has entered the intestines, causing distention. 
B)  severe hypoglycemia has developed. 
C)  the pylorus is restricting the flow of chyme. 
D)  bile and pancreatic secretions are irritating the small intestine. 
A)  a large volume of chyme has entered the intestines, causing distention. 
B)  severe hypoglycemia has developed. 
C)  the pylorus is restricting the flow of chyme. 
D)  bile and pancreatic secretions are irritating the small intestine.

Question 12

Which of the following breaks protein down into peptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Amylase 
B)  Peptidase 
C)  Lactase 
D)  Trypsin 
A)  Amylase 
B)  Peptidase 
C)  Lactase 
D)  Trypsin

Question 13

Which factors contribute to ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased aldosterone and deficit of albumin 
B)  Severe anemia and increased serum bilirubin 
C)  Hypokalemia and increased serum ammonia 
D)  Hyperproteinemia and persistent hypotension 
A)  Increased aldosterone and deficit of albumin 
B)  Severe anemia and increased serum bilirubin 
C)  Hypokalemia and increased serum ammonia 
D)  Hyperproteinemia and persistent hypotension

Question 14

Dehydration limits compensation available for an acid-base imbalance resulting from prolonged vomiting and diarrhea because:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypovolemia limits renal function. 
B)  increased respirations cannot remove more H+. 
C)  increased ADH blocks secretion of H+. 
D)  more sodium and potassium ions are retained. 
A)  hypovolemia limits renal function. 
B)  increased respirations cannot remove more H+. 
C)  increased ADH blocks secretion of H+. 
D)  more sodium and potassium ions are retained.

Question 15

How does localized peritonitis develop from acute appendicitis before rupture?

Accepted Answer

A)  The omentum walls off the inflamed area. 
B)  Intestinal bacteria escape through the necrotic appendiceal wall. 
C)  The obstructing object inside the appendix causes edema. 
D)  Bacteria escape into the circulating blood. 
A)  The omentum walls off the inflamed area. 
B)  Intestinal bacteria escape through the necrotic appendiceal wall. 
C)  The obstructing object inside the appendix causes edema. 
D)  Bacteria escape into the circulating blood.

Question 16

What would be the result of chronic bleeding from gastric carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Occult blood in the stool and anemia 
B)  Hematemesis and shock 
C)  Abdominal pain and distention 
D)  Red blood on the surface of the stool 
A)  Occult blood in the stool and anemia 
B)  Hematemesis and shock 
C)  Abdominal pain and distention 
D)  Red blood on the surface of the stool

Question 17

Which of the following statement(s) about jaundice is/are true?
1) It is often the first manifestation of hepatitis.
2) Jaundice indicates permanent liver damage.
3) Individuals with hepatitis are always jaundiced.
4) Jaundice usually develops with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  1, 3 
D)  2, 4 
A)  1 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  1, 3 
D)  2, 4

Question 18

The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier. 
B)  increased stimulation of pepsin and acid secretions. 
C)  infection by H. pylori. 
D)  increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands. 
A)  decreased resistance of the mucosal barrier. 
B)  increased stimulation of pepsin and acid secretions. 
C)  infection by H. pylori. 
D)  increased stimulation of mucus-producing glands.

Question 19

Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the body immediately after a meal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipolysis 
B)  Ketogenesis 
C)  Gluconeogenesis 
D)  Glycogenesis 
A)  Lipolysis 
B)  Ketogenesis 
C)  Gluconeogenesis 
D)  Glycogenesis

Question 20

Although many factors may precipitate pancreatitis, the two major causes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  obesity and smoking. 
B)  high-fat diet and hypertension. 
C)  congenital defects and drug abuse. 
D)  gallstones and alcohol abuse. 
A)  obesity and smoking. 
B)  high-fat diet and hypertension. 
C)  congenital defects and drug abuse. 
D)  gallstones and alcohol abuse.

Exam 17: Digestive System Disorders

What is the likely effect of long-term exposure to a hepatotoxin?

What is a common cause of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella?

How does serum bilirubin change with cirrhosis?

Which of the following stimulates increased peristalsis and secretions in the digestive tract?

Choose the significant change in arterial blood gases expected with prolonged severe vomiting:

Which factor(s) appear(s) to have a role in the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases?

Gastroesophageal reflux disease involves:

A congenital condition in which parasympathetic innervation is missing from a section of the colon, impairing motility is referred to as:

Which of the following would a perforated gastric ulcer likely cause?

What is the most common type of hepatitis transmitted by blood transfusion?

Following gastric resection, the onset of nausea, cramps, and dizziness immediately after meals indicates:

Which of the following breaks protein down into peptides?

Which factors contribute to ascites in patients with cirrhosis?

Dehydration limits compensation available for an acid-base imbalance resulting from prolonged vomiting and diarrhea because:

How does localized peritonitis develop from acute appendicitis before rupture?

What would be the result of chronic bleeding from gastric carcinoma?

Which of the following statement(s) about jaundice is/are true? 1) It is often the first manifestation of hepatitis. 2) Jaundice indicates permanent liver damage. 3) Individuals with hepatitis are always jaundiced. 4) Jaundice usually develops with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease may involve any of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following processes is likely to occur in the body immediately after a meal?

Although many factors may precipitate pancreatitis, the two major causes are:

Introduction to Pathophysiology

Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances

Introduction to Basic Pharmacology and Other Common Therapies

Pain

Inflammation and Healing

Infection

Immunity

Skin Disorders

Musculoskeletal Disorders

Blood and Circulatory System Disorders

Lymphatic System Disorders

Cardiovascular System Disorders

Respiratory System Disorders

Neurological Disorders

Disorders of the Eye, Ear, and Other Sensory Organs

Endocrine System Disorders

Urinary System Disorders

Reproductive System Disorders

Neoplasms and Cancer

Congenital and Genetic Disorders

Complications due to Pregnancy

Complications due to Adolescence

Complications due to Aging

Immobility and Associated Problems

Stress and Associated Problems

Substance Abuse and Associated Problems

Environmental Hazards and Associated Problems

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