Question 1

In order to cause vasodilation of most vascular smooth muscle,

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine combines with nicotinic receptors. 
B)  acetylcholine combines with muscarinic receptors. 
C)  norepinephrine combines with alpha receptors. 
D)  norepinephrine combines with β₁ receptors. 
E)  sympathetic stimulation is removed. 
A)  acetylcholine combines with nicotinic receptors. 
B)  acetylcholine combines with muscarinic receptors. 
C)  norepinephrine combines with alpha receptors. 
D)  norepinephrine combines with β₁ receptors. 
E)  sympathetic stimulation is removed.

Question 2

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure).Which of the following might help deal with his problem? A drug that

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates α₁ receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
B)  blocks α₂ receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
C)  stimulates cAMP formation in cardiac muscle tissue. 
D)  blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
E)  blocks muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
A)  stimulates α₁ receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
B)  blocks α₂ receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
C)  stimulates cAMP formation in cardiac muscle tissue. 
D)  blocks beta receptors in cardiac muscle tissue. 
E)  blocks muscarinic receptors in cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 3

Tom loves to soak in hot tubs and whirlpools.One day he decides to raise the temperature in his hot tub as high as it will go.After a few minutes in the very warm water, he feels faint, passes out, and nearly drowns.Luckily he is saved by an observant bystander.Explain what happened.

Accepted Answer

In response to the high temperature of t

Question 4

Map the following terms: blood distribution, blood volume, cardiac output, diameter of the arterioles, diameter of the veins, fluid intake, fluid loss, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, passive, regulated at kidneys, resistance to blood flow, and stroke volume.

Accepted Answer

See Figure

Question 5

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic pressure. 
B)  mean arterial pressure. 
C)  pulse pressure. 
D)  blood pressure. 
E)  circulatory pressure. 
A)  systemic pressure. 
B)  mean arterial pressure. 
C)  pulse pressure. 
D)  blood pressure. 
E)  circulatory pressure.

Question 6

What are some dangers of having coronary artery disease? What are some dangers of having hypertension?

Accepted Answer

This is di

Question 7

Blood pressure and cardiac output can be altered according to

Accepted Answer

A)  body temperature. 
B)  emotional responses. 
C)  blood oxygen levels. 
D)  body temperature and emotional responses. 
E)  body temperature, emotional responses, and blood oxygen levels. 
A)  body temperature. 
B)  emotional responses. 
C)  blood oxygen levels. 
D)  body temperature and emotional responses. 
E)  body temperature, emotional responses, and blood oxygen levels.

Question 8

Edema is likely to occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of protein in the blood increases. 
B)  hemorrhage occurs. 
C)  the heart becomes an insufficient pump. 
D)  blood hydraulic pressure at the capillary decreases. 
E)  the blood hydraulic pressure in a capillary is equal to the blood osmotic pressure. 
A)  the concentration of protein in the blood increases. 
B)  hemorrhage occurs. 
C)  the heart becomes an insufficient pump. 
D)  blood hydraulic pressure at the capillary decreases. 
E)  the blood hydraulic pressure in a capillary is equal to the blood osmotic pressure.

Question 9

List the factors that influence arteriolar resistance, and give an example of each.

Accepted Answer

1.Sympathetic reflexes.Example: temperat

Question 10

When blood pressure is normal, the receptors in arterial walls fire action potentials

Accepted Answer

A)  very seldom. 
B)  continuously. 
A)  very seldom. 
B)  continuously.

Question 11

While you study blood vessel structure in your dorm room, your roommate prepares to bike to his favorite fishing hole.You absent-mindedly watch as he puts on his bike shorts, which look absurdly small in his hands but stretch easily then snap back to fit tightly.His fishing shirt is a nonstretchy cotton weave that fits loosely, with open mesh panels across the back and armpits for ventilation.Considering only the basic structural differences in arteries, veins, and capillaries, which of the types of fabrics resemble which vessels, and why?

Accepted Answer

The bike shorts stretch and re

Question 12

If cardiac output increases and resistance in arterioles does NOT change, what happens to arterial blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  is unchanged 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  is unchanged

Question 13

Smooth muscle is present in the walls of

Accepted Answer

A)  veins only. 
B)  arteries only. 
C)  muscular arteries only. 
D)  all vessel types except capillaries. 
E)  all vessel types. 
A)  veins only. 
B)  arteries only. 
C)  muscular arteries only. 
D)  all vessel types except capillaries. 
E)  all vessel types.

Question 14

The values obtained when measuring blood pressure, such as 120/80,

Accepted Answer

A)  exactly match the pressures inside the ventricle during systole and diastole. 
B)  reflect the pressure in the major arteries during ventricular systole and diastole. 
C)  are the same on both the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 
D)  exactly match the pressures inside the ventricle during systole and diastole and reflect the pressure in the major arteries during ventricular systole and diastole. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  exactly match the pressures inside the ventricle during systole and diastole. 
B)  reflect the pressure in the major arteries during ventricular systole and diastole. 
C)  are the same on both the pulmonary and systemic circuits. 
D)  exactly match the pressures inside the ventricle during systole and diastole and reflect the pressure in the major arteries during ventricular systole and diastole. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

When the baroreceptor reflex is triggered by a decline in blood pressure,

Accepted Answer

A)  sympathetic activity increases. 
B)  cardiac output increases. 
C)  peripheral resistance decreases. 
D)  sympathetic activity increases and cardiac output increases. 
E)  sympathetic activity increases, cardiac output increases, and peripheral resistance decreases. 
A)  sympathetic activity increases. 
B)  cardiac output increases. 
C)  peripheral resistance decreases. 
D)  sympathetic activity increases and cardiac output increases. 
E)  sympathetic activity increases, cardiac output increases, and peripheral resistance decreases.

Question 16

The lymphatic system

Accepted Answer

A)  has heart-like pumps called lymph nodes. 
B)  stores blood when circulatory demand is low. 
C)  empties the lymph vessels into the veins near the clavicles. 
D)  can be removed without health consequences. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  has heart-like pumps called lymph nodes. 
B)  stores blood when circulatory demand is low. 
C)  empties the lymph vessels into the veins near the clavicles. 
D)  can be removed without health consequences. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Cerebral capillaries are surrounded by ________ and glial cells and have tight junctions that create the ________.

Accepted Answer

pericytes,

Question 18

Baroreceptors have stretch-sensitive ion channels in their cell membrane.Increased pressure on the membrane opens the channels and allows ion flow that initiates action potentials.What kind of ion probably flows through these channels and in which direction?

Accepted Answer

Action potentials are created when a cel

Question 19

Given what you know about blood pressure at various locations in the circulatory system, what pressure is actually determined during a standard blood pressure measurement? Why is the arm the chosen location for determining blood pressure? Is there a more accurate way to determine blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

The pressure in the brachial artery is w

Question 20

Nicotine stimulates cholinergic receptors of the autonomic nervous system.Based on this information, how would cigarette smoking affect the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Since cholinergic receptors are found in

Exam 15: Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

In order to cause vasodilation of most vascular smooth muscle,

Tom suffers from hypertension (high blood pressure).Which of the following might help deal with his problem? A drug that

Tom loves to soak in hot tubs and whirlpools.One day he decides to raise the temperature in his hot tub as high as it will go.After a few minutes in the very warm water, he feels faint, passes out, and nearly drowns.Luckily he is saved by an observant bystander.Explain what happened.

Map the following terms: blood distribution, blood volume, cardiac output, diameter of the arterioles, diameter of the veins, fluid intake, fluid loss, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, passive, regulated at kidneys, resistance to blood flow, and stroke volume.

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called the

What are some dangers of having coronary artery disease? What are some dangers of having hypertension?

Blood pressure and cardiac output can be altered according to

Edema is likely to occur when

List the factors that influence arteriolar resistance, and give an example of each.

When blood pressure is normal, the receptors in arterial walls fire action potentials

If cardiac output increases and resistance in arterioles does NOT change, what happens to arterial blood pressure?

Smooth muscle is present in the walls of

The values obtained when measuring blood pressure, such as 120/80,

When the baroreceptor reflex is triggered by a decline in blood pressure,

The lymphatic system

Cerebral capillaries are surrounded by ________ and glial cells and have tight junctions that create the ________.

Baroreceptors have stretch-sensitive ion channels in their cell membrane.Increased pressure on the membrane opens the channels and allows ion flow that initiates action potentials.What kind of ion probably flows through these channels and in which direction?

Given what you know about blood pressure at various locations in the circulatory system, what pressure is actually determined during a standard blood pressure measurement? Why is the arm the chosen location for determining blood pressure? Is there a more accurate way to determine blood pressure?

Nicotine stimulates cholinergic receptors of the autonomic nervous system.Based on this information, how would cigarette smoking affect the cardiovascular system?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Cerebral capillaries are surrounded by and glial cells and have tight junctions that create the .