Question 1

Increased blood volume ________ blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has no effect on 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has no effect on

Question 2

Mean arterial pressure is ________ (indirectly/directly)proportional to ________ and ________ (indirectly/directly)proportional to ________.

Accepted Answer

directly, cardiac ou

Question 3

Children who suffer from protein starvation have bloated bellies of ascites (an accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces of the abdomen).How would a shortage of protein in the diet cause this condition?

Accepted Answer

Protein is needed by the body for proper

Question 4

Colloid osmotic pressure in plasma is fairly constant in a healthy person.How would protein starvation affect this pressure? How may a very high-protein diet affect this pressure? Suppose a person is suffering from an imbalance that causes an increase in colloid osmotic pressure from the typical 25 mm Hg to 30 mm Hg.Calculate the effect on net fluid flow across the capillary.What negative health consequences could result?

Accepted Answer

Protein starvation would reduce this pre

Question 5

During the fight-or-flight reaction, ________ is released from the adrenal medulla and binds to ________ receptors, found on the vascular smooth muscle of heart, liver, and skeletal muscle arterioles and results in ________ (increased/decreased)blood flow to these organs; the same hormone binds to ________ receptors on other tissues, causing ________ (increased/decreased)blood flow to these organs.

Accepted Answer

epinephrin

Question 6

Each of the following paracrines may cause vasodilation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric oxide. 
B)  H⁺ ions from metabolic acids. 
C)  Ca²⁺. 
D)  K⁺. 
E)  CO₂. 
A)  nitric oxide. 
B)  H⁺ ions from metabolic acids. 
C)  Ca²⁺. 
D)  K⁺. 
E)  CO₂.

Question 7

By binding to the Ca²⁺ channel proteins, drugs known as calcium channel blockers have two main effects.Name them.Why are some cells unaffected by these drugs?

Accepted Answer

Binding to calcium channels makes them l

Question 8

________ capillaries are very porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas ________ capillaries consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fenestrated, transcytotic 
B)  Continuous, fenestrated 
C)  Transcytotic, continuous 
D)  Fenestrated, continuous 
E)  Transcytotic, fenestrated 
A)  Fenestrated, transcytotic 
B)  Continuous, fenestrated 
C)  Transcytotic, continuous 
D)  Fenestrated, continuous 
E)  Transcytotic, fenestrated

Question 9

The vessels that are the main site of variable resistance in the circulatory system, and that contribute more than 60% of the total resistance, are the

Accepted Answer

A)  muscular arteries. 
B)  elastic arteries. 
C)  arterioles. 
D)  venules. 
E)  veins. 
A)  muscular arteries. 
B)  elastic arteries. 
C)  arterioles. 
D)  venules. 
E)  veins.

Question 10

Compared to arteries, the velocity of flow of the blood through the capillaries is

Accepted Answer

A)  at least 10 times faster. 
B)  at least twice as fast. 
C)  about the same. 
D)  much slower. 
E)  impossible to predict without more information. 
A)  at least 10 times faster. 
B)  at least twice as fast. 
C)  about the same. 
D)  much slower. 
E)  impossible to predict without more information.

Question 11

Venules are similar to capillaries: they have ________ epithelium and little ________.They are distinguished from capillaries by ________.

Accepted Answer

a thin exchange, con

Question 12

What effect does a calcium channel blocker have on the heart, the blood pressure, and cardiac output? Why?

Accepted Answer

Calcium channel blockers inhibit the ope

Question 13

The condition known as shock is characterized by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart.How could an upsetting situation such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news produce shock?

Accepted Answer

The upsetting stimuli would be processed

Question 14

The cardiovascular control center in the brain can directly cause

Accepted Answer

A)  arterioles to dilate or constrict. 
B)  the heart rate to increase or decrease. 
C)  the contractility of the heart to increase or decrease. 
D)  arterioles to dilate or constrict and the heart rate to increase or decrease. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  arterioles to dilate or constrict. 
B)  the heart rate to increase or decrease. 
C)  the contractility of the heart to increase or decrease. 
D)  arterioles to dilate or constrict and the heart rate to increase or decrease. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

The matching of blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of a tissue is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  neural control. 
B)  hormonal control. 
C)  local control. 
A)  neural control. 
B)  hormonal control. 
C)  local control.

Question 16

Malnutrition can cause edema because

Accepted Answer

A)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis. 
B)  interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
C)  the resulting anemia increases blood pressure. 
D)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis and interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis. 
B)  interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
C)  the resulting anemia increases blood pressure. 
D)  there are not enough nutrients for plasma protein synthesis and interstitial protein levels are lower than plasma protein levels. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

Differences between arterioles and metarterioles include the fact that arterioles

Accepted Answer

A)  have a continuous smooth muscle layer in their walls. 
B)  allow blood to bypass capillary beds. 
C)  have an endothelial lining. 
D)  have a continuous smooth muscle layer in their walls and allow blood to bypass capillary beds. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  have a continuous smooth muscle layer in their walls. 
B)  allow blood to bypass capillary beds. 
C)  have an endothelial lining. 
D)  have a continuous smooth muscle layer in their walls and allow blood to bypass capillary beds. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

Define, compare, and contrast each of the pathologies listed below.Are the risk factors for each the same? Explain your answer.
A.coronary artery disease
B.atherosclerosis
C.myocardial infarction
D.hypertension
E.congestive heart failure

Accepted Answer

A.Coronary blood vessels become blocked

Question 19

________ is an increase in blood flow that accompanies an increase in metabolic activity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is an increase in blood flow...

Question 20

Why is there a loss of blood volume when a patient is confined to bed for two or three days? What symptoms commonly follow this confinement?

Accepted Answer

Inactivity causes edema, because of the

Exam 15: Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Increased blood volume ________ blood pressure.

Mean arterial pressure is ________ (indirectly/directly)proportional to ________ and ________ (indirectly/directly)proportional to ________.

Children who suffer from protein starvation have bloated bellies of ascites (an accumulation of fluid in the tissue spaces of the abdomen).How would a shortage of protein in the diet cause this condition?

Each of the following paracrines may cause vasodilation EXCEPT

By binding to the Ca²⁺ channel proteins, drugs known as calcium channel blockers have two main effects.Name them.Why are some cells unaffected by these drugs?

________ capillaries are very porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas ________ capillaries consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass.

The vessels that are the main site of variable resistance in the circulatory system, and that contribute more than 60% of the total resistance, are the

Compared to arteries, the velocity of flow of the blood through the capillaries is

Venules are similar to capillaries: they have ________ epithelium and little ________.They are distinguished from capillaries by ________.

What effect does a calcium channel blocker have on the heart, the blood pressure, and cardiac output? Why?

The condition known as shock is characterized by a decreased return of venous blood to the heart.How could an upsetting situation such as the sight of a tragic accident or very bad news produce shock?

The cardiovascular control center in the brain can directly cause

The matching of blood flow to the changing metabolic needs of a tissue is due to

Malnutrition can cause edema because

Differences between arterioles and metarterioles include the fact that arterioles

Define, compare, and contrast each of the pathologies listed below.Are the risk factors for each the same? Explain your answer. A.coronary artery disease B.atherosclerosis C.myocardial infarction D.hypertension E.congestive heart failure

________ is an increase in blood flow that accompanies an increase in metabolic activity.

Why is there a loss of blood volume when a patient is confined to bed for two or three days? What symptoms commonly follow this confinement?

Introduction to Physiology

Molecular Interactions

Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues

Energy and Cellular Metabolism

Membrane Dynamics

Communication, Integration, and Homeostasis

Introduction to the Endocrine System

Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

The Central Nervous System

Sensory Physiology

Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Muscles

Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Cardiovascular Physiology

Blood

Mechanics of Breathing

Gas Exchange and Transport

The Kidneys

Integrative Physiology II: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Energy Balance

Endocrine Control of Growth and Metabolism

The Immune System

Integrative Physiology III: Exercise

Reproduction and Development

Filters

Mean arterial pressure is (indirectly/directly)proportional to and (indirectly/directly)proportional to .

capillaries are very porous and allow high volumes of fluids to pass through them, whereas capillaries consist of more tightly joined cells that allow a high degree of selective materials to pass.

Venules are similar to capillaries: they have epithelium and little .They are distinguished from capillaries by .