Exam 13: Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Upon testing the knee jerk reflex during a routine physical, a nurse notices that the reflex is hyperactive.What could be the explanation for this? If instead the reflex was hypoactive, what may the nurse conclude?

Ten-year-old Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back.Her frightened parents take her to the local emergency room where she is examined.Her knee jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a negative Babinski reflex.These results suggest that

Match the structure to its description. -found at the junction of tendons and muscle fibers

The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the

List three ways that neural reflex pathways can be classified.Name one of the reflexes in each category.What additional information may be gained from the name of the reflex? Name a specific reflex and identify its classification in all of the categories you listed.

It is the middle of winter and you walk over an icy patch and lose your balance.As you begin to fall, you react by extending your arms to catch yourself.In this instance, what type of reflex is occurring?

How does the stretch reflex protect a muscle?

List and describe the three categories of movement.Explain why these categories are NOT always distinct.

Match the type of reflex to its description. -integrated in the brain

The motor neurons that innervate the normal contractile fibers of the muscle are the ________.

Name the components of a reflex pathway, and describe generally how a reflex works.

Design a concept map that shows the types of reflexes, the basis for their classification, and their functions.

Explain how an animal with a paralyzing spinal injury can be induced to walk, though it can't walk on its own.Diagram and label the structures involved.(Hint: Keep it simple; for example, you could draw a rectangle and label it "right leg muscle" and another for the left, and don't worry about drawing all neurons involved, just enough to show you understand the basics.You may wish to start with a simple sketch of a muscle reflex then add on to it as necessary.)

Which is NOT True regarding autonomic reflexes?

Diagram and label the knee jerk reflex.What is the physiological function of this reflex? Explain how this reflex may be important during walking, if you didn't notice a dip in the sidewalk and stepped into it.What is the role of reciprocal inhibition? How would the reflex be affected if reciprocal inhibition failed? Describe the effects on the reflex of severing each structure involved in the reflex, considering one structure at a time.Describe the effects of damaging the opposite side of the spinal cord, or areas higher or lower on the spinal cord.

Match the type of reflex to its description. -an example would be slowing or speeding the heart and other internal organs that are not consciously controlled