Question 1

During the spindle fiber checkpoint, degradation of _______ allows for separation of the sister chromatids.

Accepted Answer

A)  cyclin B 
B)  separase 
C)  cohesin 
D)  kinetochore 
A)  cyclin B 
B)  separase 
C)  cohesin 
D)  kinetochore

Question 2

In a typical cycling mammalian cell, _______ of the cell cycle is spent in interphase.

Accepted Answer

A)  99% 
B)  95% 
C)  75% 
D)  50% 
A)  99% 
B)  95% 
C)  75% 
D)  50%

Question 3

The number of cells in the different phases of a population can be determined most easily by using a _______ to measure the amount of DNA per cell in a large sample of cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  scintillation counter 
B)  flow cytometer 
C)  fluorescence microscope 
D)  phase-contrast microscope after autoradiography 
A)  scintillation counter 
B)  flow cytometer 
C)  fluorescence microscope 
D)  phase-contrast microscope after autoradiography

Question 4

How is the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activated?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of all chromosomes

Question 5

The G2 checkpoint prevents entry into _______ if DNA synthesis is incomplete and/or the DNA is damaged.

Accepted Answer

A)  G1 
B)  S 
C)  G2 
D)  M 
A)  G1 
B)  S 
C)  G2 
D)  M

Question 6

You perform an experiment by incubating a radiolabeled nucleotide into the medium of a culture of cells. The cells that take up the radiolabel would be expected to be in what phase of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  S phase 
B)  G1 phase 
C)  G2 phase 
D)  M phase 
A)  S phase 
B)  G1 phase 
C)  G2 phase 
D)  M phase

Question 7

Interphase usually consists of G1, S, and G2, but in some cells it consists only of S.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Most cells in an adult animal are

Accepted Answer

A)  in G0, or quiescent, phase. 
B)  actively proliferating. 
C)  stem cells. 
D)  undergoing meiosis. 
A)  in G0, or quiescent, phase. 
B)  actively proliferating. 
C)  stem cells. 
D)  undergoing meiosis.

Question 9

To investigate the role of APC/C ubiquitin ligase in an experimental cell culture model, you are able to insert a plasmid gene encoding a mutant APC/C protein that is always active (i.e., cannot be inhibited). What would be the predicted outcome on the cells that received this mutant APC/C?

Accepted Answer

The cells would not divide and would eve

Question 10

A scientist notices that cells being grown in culture have ceased to divide. Further investigation demonstrates the cells have abnormally segregated chromosomes. Which checkpoint are these cells likely arrested at?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spindle assembly checkpoint 
B)  DNA damage checkpoint 
C)  START 
D)  Restriction checkpoint 
A)  Spindle assembly checkpoint 
B)  DNA damage checkpoint 
C)  START 
D)  Restriction checkpoint

Question 11

After development, liver cells stop cycling and stay in G1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

There are many critical checkpoints in the cell cycle. One in particular ensures that the DNA content is replicated only once. What is the molecular mechanism regulating this process?

Accepted Answer

The key molecule in this restriction of

Question 13

Normally, following division, cells grow so that daughter cells are relatively comparable in size to the parental cell before starting a new cell cycle. Embryonic cells, however, continually get smaller for some time following fertilization. Why is this?

Accepted Answer

Shortly after fertilization, embryonic c

Question 14

To become active, Cdk1 must

Accepted Answer

A)  bind cyclin. 
B)  bind cyclin and be phosphorylated on tyrosine 15 and threonines 14 and 161. 
C)  bind cyclin and be phosphorylated on tyrosine 15 and be dephosphorylated on threonines 14 and 161. 
D)  bind cyclin and be phosphorylated on threonine 161 and be dephosphorylated on threonine 14 and tyrosine 15. 
A)  bind cyclin. 
B)  bind cyclin and be phosphorylated on tyrosine 15 and threonines 14 and 161. 
C)  bind cyclin and be phosphorylated on tyrosine 15 and be dephosphorylated on threonines 14 and 161. 
D)  bind cyclin and be phosphorylated on threonine 161 and be dephosphorylated on threonine 14 and tyrosine 15.

Question 15

In what phase(s) of the cell cycle does growth typically occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what phase(s) of the cell cycle...

Question 16

Cell cycles of early embryonic animal cells are unusual because they have

Accepted Answer

A)  no G1 or G2. 
B)  an elongated G1 and G2. 
C)  a short S. 
D)  a much shortened M. 
A)  no G1 or G2. 
B)  an elongated G1 and G2. 
C)  a short S. 
D)  a much shortened M.

Question 17

Polar microtubules

Accepted Answer

A)  overlap in the center of the spindle. 
B)  are attached to the contractile ring. 
C)  are attached to kinetochores. 
D)  pull kinetochores poleward. 
A)  overlap in the center of the spindle. 
B)  are attached to the contractile ring. 
C)  are attached to kinetochores. 
D)  pull kinetochores poleward.

Question 18

As the cell enters M phase, the condensins are activated as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  proteolytic cleavage by checkpoint proteases. 
B)  dephosphorylation by cyclin dependent and Aurora B phosphatases. 
C)  ubiquitylation by cyclin dependent ubiquitin ligases. 
D)  phosphorylation by both Cdk1 and Aurora B kinase. 
A)  proteolytic cleavage by checkpoint proteases. 
B)  dephosphorylation by cyclin dependent and Aurora B phosphatases. 
C)  ubiquitylation by cyclin dependent ubiquitin ligases. 
D)  phosphorylation by both Cdk1 and Aurora B kinase.

Question 19

The disease ataxia telangiectasia, which causes nervous system defects and a high frequency of cancer in affected individuals, results from a mutation in the gene for the protein

Accepted Answer

A)  ATM. 
B)  ABS. 
C)  Akt. 
D)  MCM. 
A)  ATM. 
B)  ABS. 
C)  Akt. 
D)  MCM.

Question 20

ATM and ATR recognize damaged or unreplicated DNA and initiate signals that arrest cells at cell cycle checkpoints.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

During the spindle fiber checkpoint, degradation of _______ allows for separation of the sister chromatids.

In a typical cycling mammalian cell, _______ of the cell cycle is spent in interphase.

The number of cells in the different phases of a population can be determined most easily by using a _______ to measure the amount of DNA per cell in a large sample of cells.

How is the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activated?

The G₂ checkpoint prevents entry into _______ if DNA synthesis is incomplete and/or the DNA is damaged.

You perform an experiment by incubating a radiolabeled nucleotide into the medium of a culture of cells. The cells that take up the radiolabel would be expected to be in what phase of the cell cycle?

Interphase usually consists of G₁, S, and G₂, but in some cells it consists only of S.

Most cells in an adult animal are

To investigate the role of APC/C ubiquitin ligase in an experimental cell culture model, you are able to insert a plasmid gene encoding a mutant APC/C protein that is always active (i.e., cannot be inhibited). What would be the predicted outcome on the cells that received this mutant APC/C?

A scientist notices that cells being grown in culture have ceased to divide. Further investigation demonstrates the cells have abnormally segregated chromosomes. Which checkpoint are these cells likely arrested at?

After development, liver cells stop cycling and stay in G₁.

There are many critical checkpoints in the cell cycle. One in particular ensures that the DNA content is replicated only once. What is the molecular mechanism regulating this process?

Normally, following division, cells grow so that daughter cells are relatively comparable in size to the parental cell before starting a new cell cycle. Embryonic cells, however, continually get smaller for some time following fertilization. Why is this?

To become active, Cdk1 must

In what phase(s) of the cell cycle does growth typically occur?

Cell cycles of early embryonic animal cells are unusual because they have

Polar microtubules

As the cell enters M phase, the condensins are activated as a result of

The disease ataxia telangiectasia, which causes nervous system defects and a high frequency of cancer in affected individuals, results from a mutation in the gene for the protein

ATM and ATR recognize damaged or unreplicated DNA and initiate signals that arrest cells at cell cycle checkpoints.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

Exam 18: The Cell Cycle

During the spindle fiber checkpoint, degradation of _______ allows for separation of the sister chromatids.

In a typical cycling mammalian cell, _______ of the cell cycle is spent in interphase.

The number of cells in the different phases of a population can be determined most easily by using a _______ to measure the amount of DNA per cell in a large sample of cells.

How is the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) activated?

The G2 checkpoint prevents entry into _______ if DNA synthesis is incomplete and/or the DNA is damaged.

You perform an experiment by incubating a radiolabeled nucleotide into the medium of a culture of cells. The cells that take up the radiolabel would be expected to be in what phase of the cell cycle?

Interphase usually consists of G1, S, and G2, but in some cells it consists only of S.

Most cells in an adult animal are

To investigate the role of APC/C ubiquitin ligase in an experimental cell culture model, you are able to insert a plasmid gene encoding a mutant APC/C protein that is always active (i.e., cannot be inhibited). What would be the predicted outcome on the cells that received this mutant APC/C?

A scientist notices that cells being grown in culture have ceased to divide. Further investigation demonstrates the cells have abnormally segregated chromosomes. Which checkpoint are these cells likely arrested at?

After development, liver cells stop cycling and stay in G1.

There are many critical checkpoints in the cell cycle. One in particular ensures that the DNA content is replicated only once. What is the molecular mechanism regulating this process?

Normally, following division, cells grow so that daughter cells are relatively comparable in size to the parental cell before starting a new cell cycle. Embryonic cells, however, continually get smaller for some time following fertilization. Why is this?

To become active, Cdk1 must

In what phase(s) of the cell cycle does growth typically occur?

Cell cycles of early embryonic animal cells are unusual because they have

Polar microtubules

As the cell enters M phase, the condensins are activated as a result of

The disease ataxia telangiectasia, which causes nervous system defects and a high frequency of cancer in affected individuals, results from a mutation in the gene for the protein

ATM and ATR recognize damaged or unreplicated DNA and initiate signals that arrest cells at cell cycle checkpoints.

An Overview of Cells and Cell Research

Molecules and Membranes

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

Fundamentals of Molecular Biology

Genomics, Proteomics, and Systems Biology

Genes and Genomes

Replication, Maintenance, and Rearrangements of Genomic Dna

RNA Synthesis and Processing

Transcriptional Regulation and Epigenetics

Protein Synthesis, Processing, and Regulation

The Nucleus

Protein Sorting and Transport

Mitochondria, Chloroplasts, and Peroxisomes

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement

The Plasma Membrane

Cell Walls, the Extracellular Matrix, and Cell Interactions

Cell Signaling

Cell Death and Cell Renewal

Cancer

Filters

The G₂ checkpoint prevents entry into _______ if DNA synthesis is incomplete and/or the DNA is damaged.

Interphase usually consists of G₁, S, and G₂, but in some cells it consists only of S.

After development, liver cells stop cycling and stay in G₁.