Question 1

Which of the following would most likely contribute to the long-term persistence of a fugitive species?

Accepted Answer

A)  Periodic disturbances 
B)  Apparent competition 
C)  Competitive exclusion 
D)  Character displacement 
A)  Periodic disturbances 
B)  Apparent competition 
C)  Competitive exclusion 
D)  Character displacement

Question 2

Refer to the figure.
  Which species (either with or without a competitor) had a population density at carrying capacity of approximately 38?

Accepted Answer

A)  P. bursaria alone 
B)  P bursaria with P caudatum 
C)  P. aurelia with P. caudatum 
D)  P. caudatum alone 
A)  P. bursaria alone 
B)  P bursaria with P caudatum 
C)  P. aurelia with P. caudatum 
D)  P. caudatum alone

Question 3

Use inequalities generated by the Lotka-Volterra competition model to determine whether two species of Paramecium (P. caudatum is "species 1" and P. aurelia is "species 2") will coexist or drive each other to extinction in the three scenarios below. In these examples, N1 = N2, and K1 = K2 = 50.
Scenario 1: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if F1F1F1S1$\alpha$F1F1F10 = 0.3, and F1F1F1S1$\beta$F1F1F10 = 0.6.
Scenario 2: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if F1F1F1S1$\alpha$F1F1F10 = 1.5, and F1F1F1S1$\beta$F1F1F10 = 0.6.
Based on conditions in scenario 2, answer the following questions:
a) What does K1/K2 equal?
b) Is F1F1F1S1$\alpha$F1F1F10 > or 1/K2?
c) Is F1F1F1S1$\beta$F1F1F10 > or 1/K2?

Accepted Answer

a) 1
b) F1F1F1S1@#LAT-DLM&F1F1

Question 4

By pitting two species of worms against each other at varying densities, researchers have determined that the zero growth isocline of species A is always above that of species B. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  species A will always exclude species B. 
B)  species B will always exclude species A. 
C)  one species will exclude the other, depending on the initial conditions. 
D)  both species will coexist at a lower density than either would alone. 
A)  species A will always exclude species B. 
B)  species B will always exclude species A. 
C)  one species will exclude the other, depending on the initial conditions. 
D)  both species will coexist at a lower density than either would alone.

Question 5

Why is the barnacle Chthamalus found only in the upper regions of the intertidal zone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It cannot live at the bottom of the zone where oxygen levels are low. 
B)  Interference competition from another barnacle, Semibalamus, prevents adults from persisting at the bottom of the zone. 
C)  Exploitative competition from another barnacle, Semibalamus, prevents adults from persisting at the bottom of the zone. 
D)  Its larvae are able to survive only in the upper intertidal zone. 
A)  It cannot live at the bottom of the zone where oxygen levels are low. 
B)  Interference competition from another barnacle, Semibalamus, prevents adults from persisting at the bottom of the zone. 
C)  Exploitative competition from another barnacle, Semibalamus, prevents adults from persisting at the bottom of the zone. 
D)  Its larvae are able to survive only in the upper intertidal zone.

Question 6

Two species of Drosophila have been competing in the lab for a long time. A researcher notes that over the course of time, the competition coefficients of these species have become smaller. What is the most likely explanation of this change?

Accepted Answer

A)  Periodic disturbances 
B)  Allelopathy 
C)  Character displacement 
D)  Competitive exclusion 
A)  Periodic disturbances 
B)  Allelopathy 
C)  Character displacement 
D)  Competitive exclusion

Question 7

Which of the following cannot be a resource?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen 
B)  Physical space 
C)  Light 
D)  pH 
A)  Oxygen 
B)  Physical space 
C)  Light 
D)  pH

Question 8

Use inequalities generated by the Lotka-Volterra competition model to determine whether two species of Paramecium (P. caudatum is "species 1" and P. aurelia is "species 2") will coexist or drive each other to extinction in the three scenarios below. In these examples, N1 = N2, and K1 = K2 = 50.
Scenario 1: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if F1F1F1S1$\alpha$F1F1F10 = 0.3, and F1F1F1S1$\beta$F1F1F10 = 0.6.
Scenario 2: Determine the outcome of the competitive interaction between P. caudatum and P. aurelia if F1F1F1S1$\alpha$F1F1F10 = 1.5, and F1F1F1S1$\beta$F1F1F10 = 0.6.
Determine how each species affects the other under Scenario 2. Answer the following questions:
a) Each individual of species 2 has the same effect on species 1 as how many individuals of species 1?
b) Each individual of species 1 has the same effect on species 2 as how many individuals of species 2?

Accepted Answer

a) Each individual of species

Question 9

Which of the following was a finding of Tansley's experiments with bedstraw plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The species that was restricted to acidic soils excluded the species that was adapted to calcareous soils when grown on acidic soils. 
B)  The species that grew on calcareous soils was physiologically incapable of growing on acidic soils. 
C)  The species that grew on acidic soils was physiologically incapable of growing on calcareous soils. 
D)  The two species did not compete with each other when grown together. 
A)  The species that was restricted to acidic soils excluded the species that was adapted to calcareous soils when grown on acidic soils. 
B)  The species that grew on calcareous soils was physiologically incapable of growing on acidic soils. 
C)  The species that grew on acidic soils was physiologically incapable of growing on calcareous soils. 
D)  The two species did not compete with each other when grown together.

Question 10

Numerous studies have supported that

Accepted Answer

A)  competition for resources in natural communities is common. 
B)  competition for resources in natural communities is ubiquitous. 
C)  laboratory experiments cannot reproduce competition that occurs in nature. 
D)  competition for resources has minimal effects on many species. 
A)  competition for resources in natural communities is common. 
B)  competition for resources in natural communities is ubiquitous. 
C)  laboratory experiments cannot reproduce competition that occurs in nature. 
D)  competition for resources has minimal effects on many species.

Question 11

The competition coefficient of one species towards itself is, by definition,

Accepted Answer

A)  zero. 
B)  1/2. 
C)  +1. 
D)  ‒1. 
A)  zero. 
B)  1/2. 
C)  +1. 
D)  ‒1.

Question 12

Refer to the figure.
  An unknown diatom is collected from a sample of sea water. The researcher is asked to grow the diatom in the laboratory and identify it based on the culture's density and silica level. At day 10, 20, and 30, the diatom density is almost 104 and silica levels are almost zero. Which species has the researcher cultured?

Accepted Answer

A)  Synedra 
B)  Asterionella 
C)  Synedra with an unknown 
D)  Neither Synedra nor Asterionella. 
A)  Synedra 
B)  Asterionella 
C)  Synedra with an unknown 
D)  Neither Synedra nor Asterionella.

Question 13

The competitive exclusion principle states that the _______ species prevents another species from using essential resources, causing the _______ species to become locally extinct.

Accepted Answer

A)  smaller; larger 
B)  larger; smaller 
C)  inferior; dominant 
D)  dominant; inferior 
A)  smaller; larger 
B)  larger; smaller 
C)  inferior; dominant 
D)  dominant; inferior

Question 14

Which conclusion can be drawn from Brewer's experiments on pitcher plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Competition for light is an important factor in their competition with noncarnivorous neighbors. 
B)  Competition for nitrogen is an important factor in their competition with noncarnivorous neighbors. 
C)  The plants were at a particular disadvantage when noncarnivorous neighbors were left intact and the pitchers were starved. 
D)  Pitcher plants gained biomass when neighbors were present and prey was absent. 
A)  Competition for light is an important factor in their competition with noncarnivorous neighbors. 
B)  Competition for nitrogen is an important factor in their competition with noncarnivorous neighbors. 
C)  The plants were at a particular disadvantage when noncarnivorous neighbors were left intact and the pitchers were starved. 
D)  Pitcher plants gained biomass when neighbors were present and prey was absent.

Which of the following would most likely contribute to the long-term persistence of a fugitive species?

Refer to the figure. Which species (either with or without a competitor) had a population density at carrying capacity of approximately 38?

By pitting two species of worms against each other at varying densities, researchers have determined that the zero growth isocline of species A is always above that of species B. This means that

Why is the barnacle Chthamalus found only in the upper regions of the intertidal zone?

Two species of Drosophila have been competing in the lab for a long time. A researcher notes that over the course of time, the competition coefficients of these species have become smaller. What is the most likely explanation of this change?

Which of the following cannot be a resource?

Which of the following was a finding of Tansley's experiments with bedstraw plants?

Numerous studies have supported that

The competition coefficient of one species towards itself is, by definition,

The competitive exclusion principle states that the _ species prevents another species from using essential resources, causing the _ species to become locally extinct.

Which conclusion can be drawn from Brewer's experiments on pitcher plants?

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Exam 14: Competition

Which of the following would most likely contribute to the long-term persistence of a fugitive species?

Refer to the figure. Which species (either with or without a competitor) had a population density at carrying capacity of approximately 38?

By pitting two species of worms against each other at varying densities, researchers have determined that the zero growth isocline of species A is always above that of species B. This means that

Why is the barnacle Chthamalus found only in the upper regions of the intertidal zone?

Two species of Drosophila have been competing in the lab for a long time. A researcher notes that over the course of time, the competition coefficients of these species have become smaller. What is the most likely explanation of this change?

Which of the following cannot be a resource?

Which of the following was a finding of Tansley's experiments with bedstraw plants?

Numerous studies have supported that

The competition coefficient of one species towards itself is, by definition,

The competitive exclusion principle states that the _______ species prevents another species from using essential resources, causing the _______ species to become locally extinct.

Which conclusion can be drawn from Brewer's experiments on pitcher plants?

The Web of Life

The Physical Environment

The Biosphere

Coping With Environmental Variation:

Coping With Environmental Variation: Energy

Evolution and Ecology

Life History

Behavioral Ecology

Population Distribution and Abundance

Population Dynamics

Population Growth and Regulation

Predation

Parasitism

Mutualism and Commensalism

The Nature of Communities

Change in Communities

Biogeography

Species Diversity in Communities

Production

Energy Flow and Food Webs

Nutrient Supply and Cycling

Conservation Biology

Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Global Ecology

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The competitive exclusion principle states that the _ species prevents another species from using essential resources, causing the _ species to become locally extinct.