Exam 24: Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Which change did not occur after wolves were reintroduced to the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem?

Refer to the figure and tables. Figure 1 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². -Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas. Based on the data for edge effects you collected in Tables 2 and 3, are the patterns consistent with the expected impact of edges on parks of different shapes and sizes? What assumptions have you made in this analysis?

Which biotic change is usually associated with edge effects in forests in the Pacific Northwest?

Schtickzelle and Baguette studied movement patterns in the bog fritillary butterfly and found that

Refer to the figure. The figure shows various aspects of the legacy of Roman farming systems in central France. Based on the figure, which statement is true?

In a large national forest of the western United States, a massive logging operation fragments a once contiguous forest into several hundred smaller blocks of varying sizes. Which of the following organisms would you expect to be most affected by this fragmentation?

Refer to the figures. Figure 1 Figure 2 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². -Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas. Suppose a species of bird lives in the parks in this area. These birds will fly among forest patches, but will only cross a maximum of 3 km of disturbed forest. The forest habitat that the birds require is disturbed by an edge effect that penetrates 1 km into the forest. Based on this information about the birds' movement preferences and the extent of edge effects, which patches could the birds move among? How many isolated populations of this bird species would you expect to find among the parks, and which parks would form each of the newly isolated populations? On Figure 2, circle the isolated populations (this will be referred to as Figure 4).

Refer to the photo. Consider the forest fragmentation that took place in the formation of Lago Guri. What effect would this have on the trophic cascades in this habitat?

Refer to the figure. The figure shows soil types in a part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Assume that the top of the map is north. - According to the map, the _______ soil type is most common on the northwestern edge of the large lake, and the _______ soil type is most common on its northeastern edge.

According to studies by Dambrine and colleagues, forest plant communities are still being affected by disturbances created by settlements from the time of the Roman Empire. Regions near settlements have _______ than average species richness due to _______.

Which of the following would be most suited for some degree of human activity, such as selective logging?

Rodent activity has led to _______ losses of nuts along the edges of macadamia nut plantations that are next to _______.

Compared with traditional management practices, ecosystem management emphasizes

Refer to the figure. In the figure, what is the correct ranking, from best to worst, of these three arrangements of core natural areas in terms of their value as conservation sites?

Refer to the figure. Figure 1 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². -Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas. Suppose the parks are susceptible to edge effects in the form of increased tree mortality and that this edge effect penetrates 2 km into the parks. Areas of the park that are more than 2 km from an edge are unaffected, and tree mortality does not increase in those areas.Answer the following questions: a) Using Figure 1, create a new figure (this will be referred to as Figure 3) indicating the areas of the parks that would be affected by the edge effect of increased tree mortality. b) Summarize how this edge effect would affect each of the parks (A-G) by creating a new table (this will be referred to as Table 3). Based on the size (km2) of each park and the edge effects you sketched in for Figure 3, determine how much area within each park would be affected by increased tree mortality (in km2). Based on the total area of each park and the area that would be affected by edge effects, determine the area of each park (in %) that would not be affected by edge effects. c) In which park would the most land area (in km2) be affected by the increased tree mortality? In which park would the least land area be affected by increased tree mortality (km2)? Which park would have the lowest percent unaffected area? Which park would have the highest percent unaffected area?

In the studies by Haddad and colleagues at the Savannah River Ecological Laboratory, habitat corridors were shown to increase the movements of pollinators and to enhance fruit production. What was the control used in these experiments?

A possible negative consequence of establishing habitat corridors is that they

Suppose a two-dimensional landscape image consists of 40,000 square pixels. If the size of each pixel were cut in half, _______ pixels would be needed to portray the same landscape.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows soil types in a part of Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Assume that the top of the map is north. -Where would you most likely find moist calcareous loam?

Suppose that you have 64 km² to devote to a core natural area or areas. All other things being equal, which arrangement would best foster the preservation of biodiversity? 1) A single area that is 2 km × 32 km 2) A single area that is 4 km × 16 km 3) Two areas that are each 2 km × 16 km