Exam 24: Landscape Ecology and Ecosystem Management

Which statement about the role of humans in ecosystems and ecosystem management is false?

Which statement about the 1988 forest fires in Yellowstone National Park is false?

Refer to the figure. In Panel 4, the _______ is _______ than it is in Panel 5.

Refer to the figure. Figure 1 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². - Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas. Suppose the parks are susceptible to edge effects in the form of increased air temperature. Air temperature penetrates 1 km into the parks. Areas of the park that are more than 1 km from an edge are unaffected, and air temperature does not increase in those areas.Answer the following questions: a) Using Figure 1, create a new figure (this will be referred to as Figure 2) indicating the locations within each of the parks that would be affected by edge effects. b) Summarize how this edge effect would affect each of the parks (A-G) by creating a table (this will be referred to as Table 2). Based on the size (km2) of each park and the edge effects you sketched for Figure 2, determine for each park: 1) the area affected by increased air temperatures (in km2), and 2), based on the total area of each park and the area that would be affected by edge effects, the (%) of each park area affected by edge effect. c) Which park would be most affected by edge effects in terms of total area affected? Which park would be most affected by edge effects in terms of percent of park area? Which park would be least affected by edge effects in terms of total area affected? Which park would be least affected by edge effects in terms of percent of park area?

Henry and colleagues' studies of the behavior of the bat Rhinophylla pumilio showed that these bats

Refer to the figure. Yellowstone is considered a highly effective biological reserve because of which of the following combinations of characteristics?

Which statement about adaptive management is true?

Suppose that you have 900 km² to devote to a core natural area. All other things being equal, which arrangement would best foster the preservation of biodiversity? (1) A single area that is 30 km × 30 km (2) A single area that is 10 km × 90 km (3) Two areas that are each 10 km × 45 km

Refer to the figure. When wolves first returned to Yellowstone, coyote populations were reduced by nearly 50%. What impact do you think this would have had, for example, on foxes?

Refer to the figure. Figure 1 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². -Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas and answer the following questions: a) Determine the overall size of each park (in km²) and create a table of these data (this will be referred to as Table 1). b) Based on the total area, what percent of the available land is currently protected? c) Based solely on the size of each park, which park would you expect to have the highest species richness? Why? d) Based solely on size and shape of each park, which park would you expect would have the most potential for preserving viable populations of a threatened species? Why?

Which aspect of a landscape would most likely be estimated by means of a diversity index?

Refer to the figures. Figure 1 Figure 2 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². - Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas. Suppose a highly virulent pathogen has invaded park B. The pathogen infects the birds in the undisturbed habitat in the park and is spread through direct contact among individuals. Based on the birds' movement preferences, what could you do to contain the spread of this pathogen? (Assume the protected areas are as pictured in Figure 2, with the edge effects of increased air temperature).

Refer to the figure. A graduate student interested in using a habitat map of North America finds that it is too large of a file for his school's Geographic Information System (GIS) computers to handle. -To reduce the file size, the graduate student changes the pixel size of the file from 30 x 30 m (Panel 1) to 1000 x 1000 m (Panel 3). This student has successfully altered the _______ but in the process has lost _______.

Refer to the figure. The figure shows the projected changes in distribution of two tree species if carbon dioxide concentrations double. What would the most widespread effect be on western red cedar after such an increase in carbon dioxide?

Assuming all other factors are equal, which statement about reserve design is false?

In central France, the legacy of Roman settlements persists after 2,000 years. As one moves closer to the center of the settlement sites, the pH of the soil _______, the amount of phosphates in the soil _______, and the number of species _______.

Which statement about habitat corridors is false?

Under what circumstances would disconnected reserves most likely be superior to connected ones as conservation sites?

During the middle of the twentieth century, the increased elk population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem led to a(n) _______ in the beaver population. The primary reason was that _______.

Refer to the figures. Figure 1 Figure 2 You are working with a town to develop a conservation strategy for parks (tracts) of protected land in a suburban area (parks A-G). These seven areas are depicted in Figure 1. Each square in the grid indicates an area of 1 km². -Refer to Figure 1 to familiarize yourself with the key aspects of the protected areas. Suppose a highly virulent pathogen has invaded park B. The pathogen infects the birds in the undisturbed habitat in the park and is spread through direct contact among individuals. As the park manager, what are your two primary goals in responding to this pathogen? The actions that you decide to take to control the spread of the deadly pathogen are an example of what aspect of conservation biology? Who are the stakeholders?