Question 1

Current observations indicate that the amount of baryonic matter and dark matter in the Universe

Accepted Answer

A)  is sufficient great enough to overcome the expansion of the Universe. 
B)  implies that the Universe is closed. 
C)  is mostly in the form of black holes and quasars. 
D)  are roughly equal. 
E)  implies that the Universe is open. 
A)  is sufficient great enough to overcome the expansion of the Universe. 
B)  implies that the Universe is closed. 
C)  is mostly in the form of black holes and quasars. 
D)  are roughly equal. 
E)  implies that the Universe is open.

Question 2

Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created

Accepted Answer

A)  in the planets. 
B)  inside the stars. 
C)  in the Sun. 
D)  in the big bang. 
E)  in neutron stars. 
A)  in the planets. 
B)  inside the stars. 
C)  in the Sun. 
D)  in the big bang. 
E)  in neutron stars.

Question 3

If the density of the universe equals the critical density, then the Universe must be ___________ (i.e., having zero curvature).

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the density of the universe equals...

Question 4

If a region of the universe during the big bang is the pink/black colors and a region of the universe today shows the sky-blue galaxies and stars, what are the yellow squiggly lines and when did they occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  photons, matter-antimatter annihilation 
B)  photons, CMB 
C)  hydrogen fusion to helium, era when neither matter nor radiation dominates 
D)  gamma rays, dark age 
A)  photons, matter-antimatter annihilation 
B)  photons, CMB 
C)  hydrogen fusion to helium, era when neither matter nor radiation dominates 
D)  gamma rays, dark age

Question 5

"Seeds" around which galaxies, clusters and walls grew may have been ___________ before inflation and recombination.

Accepted Answer

A)  caused by hot dark matter 
B)  caused by baryons 
C)  the result of the separation of the electromagnetic and weak forces 
D)  the result of freezing water molecules shortly after the Universe became transparent to photons 
E)  caused by initially tiny quantum mechanical fluctuations in space-time 
A)  caused by hot dark matter 
B)  caused by baryons 
C)  the result of the separation of the electromagnetic and weak forces 
D)  the result of freezing water molecules shortly after the Universe became transparent to photons 
E)  caused by initially tiny quantum mechanical fluctuations in space-time

Question 6

The cosmic microwave background radiation was released shortly after the formation of the first stars.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What was the temperature of the Universe when the recombination took place that produced the cosmic background radiation we observe today?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 2.7 K 
B)  about 300 K 
C)  about 3000 K 
D)  about 3 million K 
E)  about 3 billion K 
A)  about 2.7 K 
B)  about 300 K 
C)  about 3000 K 
D)  about 3 million K 
E)  about 3 billion K

Question 8

Which of the above galaxy spectra has the highest blueshift as indicated by velocity value?

Accepted Answer

A)  1,200 km/s 
B)  15,000 km/s 
C)  61,000 km/s 
D)  None of the other choices are correct. 
A)  1,200 km/s 
B)  15,000 km/s 
C)  61,000 km/s 
D)  None of the other choices are correct.

Question 9

The initial high-temperature, high-density state from which time starts is known as the ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The initial high-temperature, high-density state from which...

Question 10

The flatness problem states that

Accepted Answer

A)  the density of the Universe is very close to the critical density. 
B)  the density of the Universe is much larger than the critical density. 
C)  the density of the Universe is much less than the critical density. 
D)  the Universe is two-dimensional. 
E)  the Universe is one-dimensional. 
A)  the density of the Universe is very close to the critical density. 
B)  the density of the Universe is much larger than the critical density. 
C)  the density of the Universe is much less than the critical density. 
D)  the Universe is two-dimensional. 
E)  the Universe is one-dimensional.

Question 11

​ 
The shape shown in the above cartoon represents a closed Universe with geometry having a positive curvature.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

During its early history, matter dominated the Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The separation of forces in the grand unified theory occurs after inflation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Evidence for a very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe is that the 3-K radiation from opposite sides of the sky (i.e., 180 degrees or about 28 billion light years apart) is of nearly ___________ intensity. Time for light to travel this distance is ___________ the age of the universe in years.

Accepted Answer

A)  equal; greater than 
B)  unequal; greater than 
C)  equal; less than 
D)  unequal; less than 
A)  equal; greater than 
B)  unequal; greater than 
C)  equal; less than 
D)  unequal; less than

Question 15

​ 
The longer straight line in the above cartoon should be colored violet as it represents photons traveling from a more distant galaxy through an accelerating Universe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If the galaxy shown above has a 6.964 redshift, the galaxy is __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  young, nearby 
B)  old, nearby 
C)  young, far away 
D)  old, far away 
A)  young, nearby 
B)  old, nearby 
C)  young, far away 
D)  old, far away

Question 17

If galaxy A is four times more distant than galaxy B, then according to the Hubble law, galaxy A will recede ___________ than galaxy B.

Accepted Answer

A)  16 times faster 
B)  4 times faster 
C)  2 times faster 
D)  1.2 times faster 
E)  0.25 times faster 
A)  16 times faster 
B)  4 times faster 
C)  2 times faster 
D)  1.2 times faster 
E)  0.25 times faster

Question 18

What observation has prompted astronomers to ponder the possible existence of dark energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  discovery of quasars 
B)  discovery of superclusters 
C)  supernovae appear fainter than expected at large redshifts 
D)  uniform nature of the cosmic microwave background (CM
B)  
A)  discovery of quasars 
B)  discovery of superclusters 
C)  supernovae appear fainter than expected at large redshifts 
D)  uniform nature of the cosmic microwave background (CM
B)

Question 19

Possible equations (choose the correct one): τ =1012/ H ; H = v / d . If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

Accepted Answer

A)  8.9 billion years. 
B)  13 billion years. 
C)  16.6 billion years. 
D)  26 billion years. 
E)  74 billion years. 
A)  8.9 billion years. 
B)  13 billion years. 
C)  16.6 billion years. 
D)  26 billion years. 
E)  74 billion years.

Question 20

We are among the products of nuclear fusion and gravitational contraction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Current observations indicate that the amount of baryonic matter and dark matter in the Universe

Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created

If the density of the universe equals the critical density, then the Universe must be ___________ (i.e., having zero curvature).

If a region of the universe during the big bang is the pink/black colors and a region of the universe today shows the sky-blue galaxies and stars, what are the yellow squiggly lines and when did they occur?

"Seeds" around which galaxies, clusters and walls grew may have been ___________ before inflation and recombination.

The cosmic microwave background radiation was released shortly after the formation of the first stars.

What was the temperature of the Universe when the recombination took place that produced the cosmic background radiation we observe today?

Which of the above galaxy spectra has the highest blueshift as indicated by velocity value?

The initial high-temperature, high-density state from which time starts is known as the ___________.

The flatness problem states that

The shape shown in the above cartoon represents a closed Universe with geometry having a positive curvature.

During its early history, matter dominated the Universe.

The separation of forces in the grand unified theory occurs after inflation.

Evidence for a very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe is that the 3-K radiation from opposite sides of the sky (i.e., 180 degrees or about 28 billion light years apart) is of nearly _ intensity. Time for light to travel this distance is _ the age of the universe in years.

The longer straight line in the above cartoon should be colored violet as it represents photons traveling from a more distant galaxy through an accelerating Universe.

If the galaxy shown above has a 6.964 redshift, the galaxy is and .

If galaxy A is four times more distant than galaxy B, then according to the Hubble law, galaxy A will recede ___________ than galaxy B.

What observation has prompted astronomers to ponder the possible existence of dark energy?

Possible equations (choose the correct one): τ =10¹²/ H ; H = v / d . If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

We are among the products of nuclear fusion and gravitational contraction.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus, and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

Exam 14: Modern Cosmology

Current observations indicate that the amount of baryonic matter and dark matter in the Universe

Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created

If the density of the universe equals the critical density, then the Universe must be ___________ (i.e., having zero curvature).

If a region of the universe during the big bang is the pink/black colors and a region of the universe today shows the sky-blue galaxies and stars, what are the yellow squiggly lines and when did they occur?

"Seeds" around which galaxies, clusters and walls grew may have been ___________ before inflation and recombination.

The cosmic microwave background radiation was released shortly after the formation of the first stars.

What was the temperature of the Universe when the recombination took place that produced the cosmic background radiation we observe today?

Which of the above galaxy spectra has the highest blueshift as indicated by velocity value?

The initial high-temperature, high-density state from which time starts is known as the ___________.

The flatness problem states that

​ The shape shown in the above cartoon represents a closed Universe with geometry having a positive curvature.

During its early history, matter dominated the Universe.

The separation of forces in the grand unified theory occurs after inflation.

​ The longer straight line in the above cartoon should be colored violet as it represents photons traveling from a more distant galaxy through an accelerating Universe.

If the galaxy shown above has a 6.964 redshift, the galaxy is __________ and __________.

If galaxy A is four times more distant than galaxy B, then according to the Hubble law, galaxy A will recede ___________ than galaxy B.

What observation has prompted astronomers to ponder the possible existence of dark energy?

Possible equations (choose the correct one): τ =1012/ H ; H = v / d . If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about

We are among the products of nuclear fusion and gravitational contraction.

Here and Now

A Users Guide to the Sky

Cycles of the Sun and Moon

The Origin of Modern Astronomy

Light and Telescopes

Atoms and Spectra

The Sun

The Family of Stars

The Formation and Structure of Stars

The Deaths of Stars

Neutron Stars and Black Holes

The Milky Way Galaxy

Galaxies: Normal and Active

Origin of the Solar System and Extrasolar Planets

Earth and Moon: Bases for Comparative Planetology

Mercury, Venus, and Mars

The Outer Solar System

Meteorites, Asteroids, and Comets

Astrobiology: Life on Other Worlds

Filters

The shape shown in the above cartoon represents a closed Universe with geometry having a positive curvature.

The longer straight line in the above cartoon should be colored violet as it represents photons traveling from a more distant galaxy through an accelerating Universe.

If the galaxy shown above has a 6.964 redshift, the galaxy is and .

Possible equations (choose the correct one): τ =10¹²/ H ; H = v / d . If gravity is unimportant and H equals 75 km/s/Mpc, then the age of the universe is about