Question 1

The hilum is a concave notch on the lateral side of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The osmolality of the urine excreted by the body can be as high as the osmolality in the medulla's interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Which of the following is not a primary function of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  The loop of Henle reabsorbs water from the tubule fluid in its descending limb. 
B)  In addition to reabsorption, the loop of Henle secretes hydrogen ions. 
C)  By reabsorbing salt from its ascending limb, it makes the tubule fluid hypotonic. 
D)  Reabsorption of salt in the ascending limb also creates and maintains a high osmotic pressure. 
A)  The loop of Henle reabsorbs water from the tubule fluid in its descending limb. 
B)  In addition to reabsorption, the loop of Henle secretes hydrogen ions. 
C)  By reabsorbing salt from its ascending limb, it makes the tubule fluid hypotonic. 
D)  Reabsorption of salt in the ascending limb also creates and maintains a high osmotic pressure.

Question 4

Just as in the bladder, the ureter is lined with transitional epithelium, which allows it to stretch without damage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Freshly voided urine is generally acidic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which blood vessel drains the vasa recta?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lobar vein 
B)  Arcuate vein 
C)  Interlobular vein 
D)  Both B and C 
A)  Lobar vein 
B)  Arcuate vein 
C)  Interlobular vein 
D)  Both B and C

Question 7

An increase in solutes in the urine will cause an increase in the urine output.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The renal pyramids are in the medulla of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Both sodium and glucose are moved into the peritubular capillaries by the active transport process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the ascending limb of Henle:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the tubule fluid. 
B)  the tubule fluid becomes dilute (hypotonic). 
C)  antidiuretic hormone causes the cells to become more permeable to water. 
D)  both A and B occur. 
A)  sodium and chloride are reabsorbed from the tubule fluid. 
B)  the tubule fluid becomes dilute (hypotonic). 
C)  antidiuretic hormone causes the cells to become more permeable to water. 
D)  both A and B occur.

Question 11

The macula densa is considered a chemoreceptor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The renal tubule is made up of simple squamous and simple cuboidal epithelium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What effect on the treatment of secondary hypertension would you expect from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  When secondary hypertension occurs, the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin, which in turn results in angiotensin production and increased blood pressure, so giving ACE inhibitors may reduce the production of angiotensin and lower the blood pressure. 
B)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will relax the vessel, thus reducing blood pressure. 
C)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will decrease atherosclerotic plaque and result in a lower blood pressure. 
D)  ACE inhibitors will not have any effect on secondary hypertension. 
A)  When secondary hypertension occurs, the cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus secrete renin, which in turn results in angiotensin production and increased blood pressure, so giving ACE inhibitors may reduce the production of angiotensin and lower the blood pressure. 
B)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will relax the vessel, thus reducing blood pressure. 
C)  Secondary hypertension is caused by stenosis of the renal artery, so ACE inhibitors will decrease atherosclerotic plaque and result in a lower blood pressure. 
D)  ACE inhibitors will not have any effect on secondary hypertension.

Question 14

Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mg/100 ml 
B)  300 mg/100 ml 
C)  200 mg/100 ml 
D)  250 mg/100 ml 
A)  100 mg/100 ml 
B)  300 mg/100 ml 
C)  200 mg/100 ml 
D)  250 mg/100 ml

Question 15

The movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular blood defines:

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  micturition. 
D)  reabsorption. 
A)  glomerular filtration. 
B)  secretion. 
C)  micturition. 
D)  reabsorption.

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of the proximal tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Highly convoluted 
B)  Nearest to Bowman capsule 
C)  Second part of the renal tubules 
D)  Contains microvilli 
A)  Highly convoluted 
B)  Nearest to Bowman capsule 
C)  Second part of the renal tubules 
D)  Contains microvilli

Question 17

Just like the kidneys, the ureters are retroperitoneal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped.

Accepted Answer

A)  bean 
B)  pear 
C)  pea 
D)  potato 
A)  bean 
B)  pear 
C)  pea 
D)  potato

Question 19

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1.
-Distal tubule

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 20

The ion pumps in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle can maintain an osmotic difference of 400 mOsm across the wall of the tubule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 42: Urinary System

The hilum is a concave notch on the lateral side of the kidney.

The osmolality of the urine excreted by the body can be as high as the osmolality in the medulla's interstitial fluid.

Which of the following is not a primary function of the loop of Henle?

Just as in the bladder, the ureter is lined with transitional epithelium, which allows it to stretch without damage.

Freshly voided urine is generally acidic.

Which blood vessel drains the vasa recta?

An increase in solutes in the urine will cause an increase in the urine output.

The renal pyramids are in the medulla of the kidney.

Both sodium and glucose are moved into the peritubular capillaries by the active transport process.

In the ascending limb of Henle:

The macula densa is considered a chemoreceptor.

The renal tubule is made up of simple squamous and simple cuboidal epithelium.

What effect on the treatment of secondary hypertension would you expect from angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs?

Which of the following is the approximate threshold level for the reabsorption of glucose?

The movement of molecules out of the tubules and into the peritubular blood defines:

Which of the following is not true of the proximal tubule?

Just like the kidneys, the ureters are retroperitoneal.

The shape of the kidney could best be described as _____-shaped.

Starting with the afferent arteriole, place the parts of the nephron in correct anatomical order, beginning with the number 1. -Distal tubule

The ion pumps in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle can maintain an osmotic difference of 400 mOsm across the wall of the tubule.

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