Question 1

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions, which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing bicarbonate ions 
B)  Increasing chloride ions 
C)  Decreasing potassium ions 
D)  Decreasing sodium ions 
A)  Increasing bicarbonate ions 
B)  Increasing chloride ions 
C)  Decreasing potassium ions 
D)  Decreasing sodium ions B

Question 3

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
B)  A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
C)  Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio. 
D)  Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance. 
A)  An increase in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. A decrease in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
B)  A decrease in blood pH accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. An increase in blood pH produces the opposite effects, thus maintaining pH balance. 
C)  Renal tubule excretion of ammonia causes the combining of hydrogen to form ammonium ions that decrease the blood bicarbonate buffer pair ratio. 
D)  Ammonia excreted by renal tubules has no effect on acid-base balance. B

Question 4

Which of the following is considered a direct acid-forming food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Citrus fruit 
B)  Vinegar 
C)  Cranberries 
D)  All of the above are considered direct acid-forming foods 
A)  Citrus fruit 
B)  Vinegar 
C)  Cranberries 
D)  All of the above are considered direct acid-forming foods

Question 5

Which of the following is not a base-forming element?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorine 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Magnesium 
A)  Chlorine 
B)  Potassium 
C)  Sodium 
D)  Magnesium

Question 6

Assume the strong base NaOH was added to a solution that contained the phosphate buffer pair Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄. Write out the chemical equation that shows how this buffer pair would react to the NaOH.

Accepted Answer

The chemical equation for the reaction b

Question 7

Hyperkalemia may have a major effect on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gastrointestinal tract 
B)  Heart 
C)  Kidney 
D)  Liver 
A)  Gastrointestinal tract 
B)  Heart 
C)  Kidney 
D)  Liver

Question 8

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation. If not treated soon, Susan may develop what condition?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis. 
B)  Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis. 
C)  Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
D)  Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia. 
A)  Prolonged hypoventilation may decrease blood pH enough to produce acidosis. 
B)  Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis. 
C)  Prolonged hypoventilation may reduce the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
D)  Prolonged hypoventilation may lead to hyperkalemia.

Question 10

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  acidify blood by creating alkaline urine. 
B)  alkalinize blood by acidifying urine. 
C)  increase blood pH, which accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. 
D)  decrease blood pH, which reduces tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. 
A)  acidify blood by creating alkaline urine. 
B)  alkalinize blood by acidifying urine. 
C)  increase blood pH, which accelerates tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia. 
D)  decrease blood pH, which reduces tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Question 12

An increase in ammonium ion excretion occurs when there is an increase in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10 
A)  pH 2 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10

Question 15

The breakdown of ribonucleotides produces phosphoric acid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The proximal and distal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

A minor bladder infection is often the result of urine not being acidic enough. Which of the following actions could correct this problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drinking orange juice 
B)  Eating large amounts of high-protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry, and eggs, which are acid forming 
C)  Eating fruits and vegetables 
D)  Eating foods rich in acids, such as cranberries and rhubarb 
A)  Drinking orange juice 
B)  Eating large amounts of high-protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry, and eggs, which are acid forming 
C)  Eating fruits and vegetables 
D)  Eating foods rich in acids, such as cranberries and rhubarb

Exam 44: Acid Base Balance

The kidney is able to secrete hydrogen ions, which causes an increase in urine pH but a decrease in blood pH.

Which of the following would be important in treating metabolic alkalosis?

How is the renal tubule excretion of ammonia involved in maintaining the acid-base balance?

Which of the following is considered a direct acid-forming food?

Which of the following is not a base-forming element?

Assume the strong base NaOH was added to a solution that contained the phosphate buffer pair Na₂HPO₄/NaH₂PO₄. Write out the chemical equation that shows how this buffer pair would react to the NaOH.

Hyperkalemia may have a major effect on which of the following?

An increase in blood pH accelerates the renal tubule excretion of both hydrogen and ammonia.

Susan has been experiencing prolonged hypoventilation. If not treated soon, Susan may develop what condition?

Protein catabolism can produce both phosphoric and sulfuric acid.

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to:

An increase in ammonium ion excretion occurs when there is an increase in blood pH.

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak base bicarbonate is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Which of the following would have the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions?

The breakdown of ribonucleotides produces phosphoric acid.

One of the potential serious side effects of taking the drug Glucophage is lactic acidosis.

The proximal and distal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the urine.

Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium are all mineral elements that are acidic in solution.

Prolonged hypoventilation may increase blood pH enough to produce alkalosis.

A minor bladder infection is often the result of urine not being acidic enough. Which of the following actions could correct this problem?

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