Question 1

What substances or processes in the body might cause a change in the blood pH?

Accepted Answer

The pH of blood is tightly regulated by

Question 2

Edith is pregnant and experiencing repeated vomiting episodes. Her obstetrician becomes concerned, admits her to the hospital, and begins intravenous administration of normal saline. How will this help Edith?

Accepted Answer

Edith is likely suffering from a conditi

Question 3

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions, it primarily reabsorbs _____ ions.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  calcium 
C)  chloride 
D)  sodium 
A)  potassium 
B)  calcium 
C)  chloride 
D)  sodium

Question 4

Describe the respiratory compensation for a change in blood pH.

Accepted Answer

The respiratory compensation for a chang

Question 5

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In the body, which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH?

Accepted Answer

A)  H₂CO₃ 
B)  KHCO3 
C)  Proteins 
D)  None of the above 
A)  H₂CO₃ 
B)  KHCO3 
C)  Proteins 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

A decrease in blood pH:

Accepted Answer

A)  accelerates the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
B)  causes a decrease in the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
C)  has no effect on the renal tubule excretion of ammonia (because of respiratory compensations). 
D)  produces an increase in the pH of the urine through the chloride shift. 
A)  accelerates the renal tubule ion exchange mechanisms. 
B)  causes a decrease in the renal tubule excretion of ammonia. 
C)  has no effect on the renal tubule excretion of ammonia (because of respiratory compensations). 
D)  produces an increase in the pH of the urine through the chloride shift.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypoventilation can cause alkalosis. 
B)  Hyperventilation can cause acidosis. 
C)  Hyperventilation can cause a drop in pH. 
D)  Hypoventilation can cause a drop in pH. 
A)  Hypoventilation can cause alkalosis. 
B)  Hyperventilation can cause acidosis. 
C)  Hyperventilation can cause a drop in pH. 
D)  Hypoventilation can cause a drop in pH.

Question 9

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃, the formation of _____ would not occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  NaCl 
B)  water 
C)  H-HCO3 
D)  All of the above would occur. 
A)  NaCl 
B)  water 
C)  H-HCO3 
D)  All of the above would occur.

Question 10

Why does arterial blood have a lower hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  More carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing an increase in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
B)  Because there are more red blood cells in arteries than veins, the arterial blood has a greater ability to carry fewer hydrogen ions. 
C)  Less carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a reduction in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
D)  The carbon dioxide diffuses out of the venous blood as it moves through the lung capillaries. Therefore, more carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a decrease in the number of hydrogen ions. 
A)  More carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing an increase in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
B)  Because there are more red blood cells in arteries than veins, the arterial blood has a greater ability to carry fewer hydrogen ions. 
C)  Less carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a reduction in the amount of carbonic acid and the number of hydrogen ions. 
D)  The carbon dioxide diffuses out of the venous blood as it moves through the lung capillaries. Therefore, more carbon dioxide remains in the arterial blood leaving the lung capillaries, causing a decrease in the number of hydrogen ions.

Question 11

If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete _____ urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer hydrogen ions from blood to 
B)  more hydrogen ions from blood to 
C)  more sodium ions into the 
D)  Both A and C will occur. 
A)  fewer hydrogen ions from blood to 
B)  more hydrogen ions from blood to 
C)  more sodium ions into the 
D)  Both A and C will occur.

Question 12

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Bicarbonate excess caused by excessive antacid use or excessive vomiting

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 13

Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH 7 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10 
A)  pH 7 
B)  pH 6 
C)  pH 8 
D)  pH 10

Question 14

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-¹ per liter would have a pH of:

Accepted Answer

A)  10. 
B)  -1. 
C)  1. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  10. 
B)  -1. 
C)  1. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 15

Rhubarb is said to be a direct base-forming food.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A solution with a pH of 6 would have a hydrogen ion concentration of _____ per liter.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.000006 
B)  0.0000001 
C)  0.000001 
D)  None of the above is correct. 
A)  0.000006 
B)  0.0000001 
C)  0.000001 
D)  None of the above is correct.

Question 17

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Process that allows carbon dioxide to be buffered in the RBC and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 18

The control of acid and base levels is considered a homeostatic mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Identify the main buffer pairs present in body fluids. How do these buffer pairs function to limit large changes in pH?

Accepted Answer

The main buffer pairs present in body fl

Question 20

Some athletes engage in a technique called bicarbonate loading that is said to counteract the lactic acid buildup. This practice raises concerns because excess bicarbonate intake:

Accepted Answer

A)  can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic acidosis. 
B)  can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  may lead to uncompensated acidosis. 
D)  may lead to "acid blood." 
A)  can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic acidosis. 
B)  can trigger fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which may lead to metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  may lead to uncompensated acidosis. 
D)  may lead to "acid blood."

Exam 44: Acid Base Balance

What substances or processes in the body might cause a change in the blood pH?

Edith is pregnant and experiencing repeated vomiting episodes. Her obstetrician becomes concerned, admits her to the hospital, and begins intravenous administration of normal saline. How will this help Edith?

When the kidney secretes hydrogen ions, it primarily reabsorbs _____ ions.

Describe the respiratory compensation for a change in blood pH.

The respiratory mechanism is a much more effective device for adjusting hydrogen output to hydrogen input than is the urinary mechanism.

In the body, which of the following substances might be used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH?

A decrease in blood pH:

Which of the following statements is true?

If HCl were buffered by NaHCO₃, the formation of _____ would not occur.

Why does arterial blood have a lower hydrogen ion concentration than venous blood?

If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete _____ urine.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Bicarbonate excess caused by excessive antacid use or excessive vomiting

Which of the following would indicate a neutral solution?

A solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 1 × 10-¹ per liter would have a pH of:

Rhubarb is said to be a direct base-forming food.

A solution with a pH of 6 would have a hydrogen ion concentration of _____ per liter.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Process that allows carbon dioxide to be buffered in the RBC and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma

The control of acid and base levels is considered a homeostatic mechanism.

Identify the main buffer pairs present in body fluids. How do these buffer pairs function to limit large changes in pH?

Some athletes engage in a technique called bicarbonate loading that is said to counteract the lactic acid buildup. This practice raises concerns because excess bicarbonate intake:

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemical Basis of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

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Innate Immunity

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Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange & Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

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Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Urinary System

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Male Reproductive System

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