Exam 44: Acid Base Balance

The chloride shift makes it possible for carbon dioxide to be buffered in the red blood cell and then carried as bicarbonate in the plasma.

The functioning of the Na-K pump transport mechanism falls by 50% if the pH:

The respiratory center is stimulated if the:

Acetone, acetoacetic acid, and lactic acid accumulate during the incomplete breakdown of fats.

Kidney tubule base bicarbonate reabsorption and hydrogen ion excretion both tend to alkalinize the blood by acidifying the urine.

Because intracellular fluid is in equilibrium with interstitial fluid and blood plasma, it also has a pH of 7.41.

The protein buffer system represents a chemical buffer system in the body with a delayed response time.

The type of acid formed when carbon dioxide and water unite is carbonic acid.

Carbonic acid results primarily from the metabolism of:

In a solution with a pH of 7, the number of H⁺ ions equals the number of OH- ions.

The more an acid dissociates, the stronger the acid is said to be.

On the pH scale, as the value moves from 1 toward 7, the concentration of hydrogen ions decreases.

A change in pH can make an important enzyme in the cell unable to function.

A rare but very serious complication of metformin therapy is:

Blood buffers work primarily by preventing marked changes in blood pH.

Bicarbonate loading can lead to diarrhea and electrolyte imbalance.

If the blood pH decreases below normal, the kidney tubules secrete:

pH is used to represent the logarithm of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a liter of solution.

Which of the following types of acids would be produced as a result of glucose catabolism?

A patient was advised to acidify his urine to help reduce the development of kidney stones. He has been drinking a large glass of grapefruit juice every day to accomplish this. Explain why this is ineffective. What food choices might he make to help him acidify his urine?