Exam 44: Acid Base Balance

In clinical medicine, acidosis can occur when the arterial blood is still basic.

In acidosis, the renal tubule excretion of hydrogen ions:

The regulation of acid-base balance in the body fluids refers to the control of _____ ion concentration.

For the bicarbonate buffer system to function, both the absolute amount and the ratio of the components must remain constant.

The respiratory center becomes stimulated if the:

Which of the following is a true statement?

To function properly, the bicarbonate buffer system must have 20 times more H₂CO₃ than NaHCO₃.

Direct acid-forming foods contain acids that cannot be metabolized.

A chloride shift that occurs in the neutralization of carbonic acid involves the replacement of a bicarbonate ion for chloride ions.

Vomiting results in acidosis because of the loss of chloride from the stomach.

When the renal tubules reabsorb sodium ions, they normally exchange (secrete) which of the following?

Both the distal tubule cells and the red blood cells use carbonic anhydrase to help combine carbon dioxide and water.

Buffers are said to consist of a weak acid and its salt. When the ratio is written out, the salt goes above the line and the weak acid goes below the line.

A diet that is very high in protein or very high in fruits and vegetables would tax the body's ability to maintain acid-base balance.

Venous blood returning from the lungs would have a higher pH than blood returning from the inferior vena cava.

If NaOH were buffered by H-HCO₃, what would not occur?

The function of a number of proteins in the body requires that the normal hydrogen ion concentration be maintained.

Name and explain the two types of pH control mechanisms used by the body.

High-protein foods are referred to as acid forming.

A solution with a pH of 6 would have _____ ions than a solution with a pH of 4.