Question 1

In the body, nonvolatile acids, or fixed acids, are buffered mainly by:

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  sodium hydroxide. 
C)  sodium bicarbonate. 
D)  plasma proteins. 
A)  hemoglobin. 
B)  sodium hydroxide. 
C)  sodium bicarbonate. 
D)  plasma proteins.

Question 2

Potassium salts of hemoglobin are important in buffering _____ acid.

Accepted Answer

A)  lactic 
B)  carbonic 
C)  sulfuric 
D)  phosphoric 
A)  lactic 
B)  carbonic 
C)  sulfuric 
D)  phosphoric

Question 3

Which statement best outlines the reason hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperventilation eliminates too little CO₂, causes an increase in blood H₂CO₃ and consequently in blood H+, and thereby may produce acidosis. 
B)  Increases in oxygen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
C)  Decreases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
D)  Increases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
A)  Hyperventilation eliminates too little CO₂, causes an increase in blood H₂CO₃ and consequently in blood H+, and thereby may produce acidosis. 
B)  Increases in oxygen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
C)  Decreases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma. 
D)  Increases in hydrogen ion concentration above a certain level depress the central nervous system and, therefore, produce such symptoms as disorientation and coma.

Question 4

Arterial blood has a lower pH than venous blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A blood pH of 7.1 indicates the body is more acidic than normal.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Saliva is normally acidic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following type(s) of acids would be produced as a result of glucose catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Acetoacetic and lactic 
B)  Lactic 
C)  Phosphoric and sulfuric 
D)  Sulfuric 
A)  Acetoacetic and lactic 
B)  Lactic 
C)  Phosphoric and sulfuric 
D)  Sulfuric

Question 9

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Ketone bodies are associated with cellular metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A)  fats. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  vitamins. 
A)  fats. 
B)  carbohydrates. 
C)  proteins. 
D)  vitamins.

Question 11

How does the body respond if respiratory mechanisms are unable to stop a pH shift?

Accepted Answer

A)  A renal physiological buffer system involving the excretion of either an acid or alkaline urine will be initiated within 24 hours. 
B)  Bicarbonate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
C)  Phosphate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
D)  Protein buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
A)  A renal physiological buffer system involving the excretion of either an acid or alkaline urine will be initiated within 24 hours. 
B)  Bicarbonate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
C)  Phosphate buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH. 
D)  Protein buffers immediately combine with any added acid or alkali that enters the body fluids, thus preventing drastic changes in pH.

Question 12

The pH of the blood is maintained at approximately:

Accepted Answer

A)  7.1. 
B)  7.2. 
C)  7.3. 
D)  7.4. 
A)  7.1. 
B)  7.2. 
C)  7.3. 
D)  7.4.

Question 13

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid results from the metabolism of:

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  fats. 
D)  ribonucleotides. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  fats. 
D)  ribonucleotides.

Question 14

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A change in pH damages an enzyme's ability to function because it changes the shape of the enzyme.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules, the more potassium ions excreted.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Explain the methods the kidney uses to help control the pH of the blood.

Accepted Answer

The kidneys help control the pH of the b

Question 18

Match each term with it corresponding definition.
-Carbonic acid deficit that can be caused by hyperventilation from fever or hysteria

Accepted Answer

A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis 
A) Alkaline 
B) pH 
C) Buffer 
D) Acid 
E) Alkalosis
F)Chloride shift
G)Acidosis
H)Metabolic alkalosis
I)Metabolic acidosis
J)Respiratory acidosis
K)Respiratory alkalosis

Question 19

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules, the:

Accepted Answer

A)  more alkaline the urine. 
B)  more potassium ions excreted. 
C)  fewer potassium ions excreted. 
D)  lower the pH of the blood becomes. 
A)  more alkaline the urine. 
B)  more potassium ions excreted. 
C)  fewer potassium ions excreted. 
D)  lower the pH of the blood becomes.

Question 20

Hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness because:

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen levels become too high. 
B)  oxygen levels become too low. 
C)  carbon dioxide levels are elevated. 
D)  of alkalosis. 
A)  oxygen levels become too high. 
B)  oxygen levels become too low. 
C)  carbon dioxide levels are elevated. 
D)  of alkalosis.

Exam 44: Acid Base Balance

In the body, nonvolatile acids, or fixed acids, are buffered mainly by:

Potassium salts of hemoglobin are important in buffering _____ acid.

Which statement best outlines the reason hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness?

Arterial blood has a lower pH than venous blood.

A blood pH of 7.1 indicates the body is more acidic than normal.

CO₂ entering venous blood gives it a slightly lower pH than arterial blood.

Saliva is normally acidic.

Which of the following type(s) of acids would be produced as a result of glucose catabolism?

In the bicarbonate buffer system, the weak acid carbonic acid is used to buffer a strong base such as NaOH.

Ketone bodies are associated with cellular metabolism of:

How does the body respond if respiratory mechanisms are unable to stop a pH shift?

The pH of the blood is maintained at approximately:

Beta-hydroxybutyric acid results from the metabolism of:

The process of exchanging a bicarbonate ion formed in the red blood cell with a chloride ion from the plasma is called the chloride shift.

A change in pH damages an enzyme's ability to function because it changes the shape of the enzyme.

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules, the more potassium ions excreted.

Explain the methods the kidney uses to help control the pH of the blood.

Match each term with it corresponding definition. -Carbonic acid deficit that can be caused by hyperventilation from fever or hysteria

The more hydrogen ions excreted by the renal tubules, the:

Hyperventilation can result in loss of consciousness because:

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