Question 1

The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  renal columns. 
B)  renal pyramids. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  hilum. 
A)  renal columns. 
B)  renal pyramids. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  hilum.

Question 2

Place in correct anatomical order the structures of the pathway of urine leaving the distal tubule, beginning with the number 1.
-Calyx

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5
F)6
G)7

Question 3

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  60 
B)  32 
C)  18 
D)  0 
A)  60 
B)  32 
C)  18 
D)  0

Question 4

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location.
-Part of the nephron that establishes a countercurrent multiplier mechanism

Accepted Answer

A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta 
A) Distal convoluted tubule 
B) Glomerulus 
C) Bowman capsule 
D) Loop of Henle 
E) Proximal convoluted tubule
F)Collecting duct
G)Peritubular capillary
H)Vasa recta

Question 5

The sum of glomerular hydrostatic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure is the total force driving fluid from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Which of the following statements is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. 
B)  The right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney. 
C)  The kidneys extend above the level of the twelfth rib. 
D)  The kidneys are retroperitoneal. 
A)  The right kidney is slightly lower than the left kidney. 
B)  The right kidney is often slightly larger than the left kidney. 
C)  The kidneys extend above the level of the twelfth rib. 
D)  The kidneys are retroperitoneal.

Question 7

The proximal tubule is called "proximal" because it is nearest to Bowman capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

As the aldosterone concentration increases, the amount of potassium reabsorbed into the blood increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Negative ions such as chloride and phosphate are pulled out of the filtrate by the positive charge established by the sodium that was actively transported into the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Just as in the lumen of the small intestine, the lumen of the proximal tubule has microvilli.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
B)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
C)  Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. 
D)  Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production. 
A)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby decreasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
B)  Excess glucose "spills over" into urine, thereby increasing the solute concentration of urine (and decreasing the solute concentration of plasma), which in turn leads to diuresis. 
C)  Low levels of insulin stimulate the kidney to not reabsorb water in the tubules. 
D)  Decreased glucose is caused by withdrawal of sugar from urine, causing an increase in urine production.

Question 12

When urine "backs up," causing swelling in the renal pelvis and calyces, the condition is called hydronephrosis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The movement of substances out of the _____ best describes secretion in the formation of urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  blood into the tubule 
B)  blood into Bowman capsule 
C)  tubules into interstitial fluids 
D)  glomerulus into the tubules 
A)  blood into the tubule 
B)  blood into Bowman capsule 
C)  tubules into interstitial fluids 
D)  glomerulus into the tubules

Question 14

Proteinuria can indicate damage in the glomerular-capsular membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Ammonium 
D)  Sodium 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Ammonium 
D)  Sodium

Question 16

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure is 67 mm Hg, the glomerular osmotic pressure is 28 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 17 mm Hg, and the capsular osmotic pressure is 0 mm Hg, the effective filtration pressure (EFP) would be _____ mm Hg.

Accepted Answer

A)  22 
B)  56 
C)  78 
D)  There is not enough information to determine the EFP. 
A)  22 
B)  56 
C)  78 
D)  There is not enough information to determine the EFP.

Question 17

The transitional epithelium that lines the bladder wall is one factor that allows the bladder to distend.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The renal fasciae anchor the kidney to surrounding structures.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

One important function of the slit diaphragms is the prevention of large molecules such as proteins from passing through.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The primary cilium of the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules act as mechanoreceptors to regulate the flow of filtrate through the tube.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 42: Urinary System

The calyces of the kidney join together to form a large collection reservoir called the:

Place in correct anatomical order the structures of the pathway of urine leaving the distal tubule, beginning with the number 1. -Calyx

The normal osmotic pressure of the capsular filtrate is _____ mm Hg.

Match each of the structures of the nephron with its description, function, or location. -Part of the nephron that establishes a countercurrent multiplier mechanism

The sum of glomerular hydrostatic pressure and capsular hydrostatic pressure is the total force driving fluid from the glomerulus into Bowman capsule.

Which of the following statements is not true?

The proximal tubule is called "proximal" because it is nearest to Bowman capsule.

As the aldosterone concentration increases, the amount of potassium reabsorbed into the blood increases.

Negative ions such as chloride and phosphate are pulled out of the filtrate by the positive charge established by the sodium that was actively transported into the blood.

Just as in the lumen of the small intestine, the lumen of the proximal tubule has microvilli.

Which best explains why a person who has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus voids a large amount of urine?

When urine "backs up," causing swelling in the renal pelvis and calyces, the condition is called hydronephrosis.

The movement of substances out of the _____ best describes secretion in the formation of urine.

Proteinuria can indicate damage in the glomerular-capsular membrane.

Which of the following ions is not normally secreted into the distal or collecting tubules?

If the glomerular hydrostatic pressure is 67 mm Hg, the glomerular osmotic pressure is 28 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure is 17 mm Hg, and the capsular osmotic pressure is 0 mm Hg, the effective filtration pressure (EFP) would be _____ mm Hg.

The transitional epithelium that lines the bladder wall is one factor that allows the bladder to distend.

The renal fasciae anchor the kidney to surrounding structures.

One important function of the slit diaphragms is the prevention of large molecules such as proteins from passing through.

The primary cilium of the epithelial cells lining the renal tubules act as mechanoreceptors to regulate the flow of filtrate through the tube.

Organization of the Body

Homeostasis

Chemical Basis of Life

Biomolecules

Cell Structure

Cell Function

Cell Growth and Development

Introduction to Tissues

Tissue Types

Skin

Skeletal Tissues

Axial Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton

Articulations

Axial Muscles

Appendicular Muscles

Muscle Contraction

Nervous System Cells

Nerve Signaling

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

General Senses

Special Senses

Endocrine Regulation

Endocrine Glands

Blood

Heart

Blood Vessels

Circulation of the Blood

Lymphatic System

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Stress

Respiratory Tract

Ventilation

Gas Exchange & Transport

Upper Digestive Tract

Lower Digestive Tract

Digestion and Absorption

Nutrition and Metabolism

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Male Reproductive System

Female Reproductive System

Growth and Development

Genetics and Heredity

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