Question 1

As early as the 1940s, researchers knew that bacteria could be grown in a minimal medium containing ____ as an organic carbon source.

Accepted Answer

A)  peptidase 
B)  glucose 
C)  rubisco 
D)  catalase 
E)  ammonium chloride 
A)  peptidase 
B)  glucose 
C)  rubisco 
D)  catalase 
E)  ammonium chloride

Question 2

Lederberg and Tatum used the bacterial strains bio-met-leu+thr+thi+and bio+met+leu-thr-thi-in their experiments to determine if genetic recombination occurs in bacteria. Would it have been better to use two strains with the genotypes met-leu+and met+leu-instead?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, because it is easier to study two genes than five genes. 
B)  Yes, because the met-leu+and met+leu-strains only have one mutation, which makes it easier for genetic recombination to occur. 
C)  No, because the met-leu+and met+leu-strains only have one mutation. A single random mutation could restore methionine or leucine synthesis in the strains. 
D)  No, because strains with only one nutrient-deficient gene can still grow on minimal medium. 
E)  No, because cells have two genes that encode different versions of leucine, so the met+leu-strain would still be able to grow on minimal medium. 
A)  Yes, because it is easier to study two genes than five genes. 
B)  Yes, because the met-leu+and met+leu-strains only have one mutation, which makes it easier for genetic recombination to occur. 
C)  No, because the met-leu+and met+leu-strains only have one mutation. A single random mutation could restore methionine or leucine synthesis in the strains. 
D)  No, because strains with only one nutrient-deficient gene can still grow on minimal medium. 
E)  No, because cells have two genes that encode different versions of leucine, so the met+leu-strain would still be able to grow on minimal medium.

Question 3

Medium that contains a full complement of nutrient substances, including amino acids and other chemicals that normal bacterial strains can synthesize themselves, is called ____ medium.

Accepted Answer

A)  agar 
B)  minimal 
C)  nutritious 
D)  complete 
E)  rich 
A)  agar 
B)  minimal 
C)  nutritious 
D)  complete 
E)  rich

Question 4

Viruses with a tail attached at one side of a polyhedral head are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  simple viruses 
B)  helical viruses 
C)  enveloped viruses 
D)  complex viruses 
E)  viroids 
A)  simple viruses 
B)  helical viruses 
C)  enveloped viruses 
D)  complex viruses 
E)  viroids

Question 5

During transformation, cells ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  take up pieces of DNA that are released as other cells disintegrate 
B)  take up pieces of DNA through a viral infection 
C)  replicate DNA molecules 
D)  make replicate copies of one another 
E)  generate their own DNA 
A)  take up pieces of DNA that are released as other cells disintegrate 
B)  take up pieces of DNA through a viral infection 
C)  replicate DNA molecules 
D)  make replicate copies of one another 
E)  generate their own DNA

Exam 17: Bacterial and Viral Genetics

As early as the 1940s, researchers knew that bacteria could be grown in a minimal medium containing ____ as an organic carbon source.

Lederberg and Tatum used the bacterial strains bio-met-leu+thr+thi+and bio+met+leu-thr-thi-in their experiments to determine if genetic recombination occurs in bacteria. Would it have been better to use two strains with the genotypes met-leu+and met+leu-instead?

Medium that contains a full complement of nutrient substances, including amino acids and other chemicals that normal bacterial strains can synthesize themselves, is called ____ medium.

Viruses with a tail attached at one side of a polyhedral head are called ____.

During transformation, cells ____.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Lederberg and Tatum used the bacterial strains bio^-met^-leu⁺thr⁺thi⁺and bio⁺met⁺leu^-thr^-thi^-in their experiments to determine if genetic recombination occurs in bacteria. Would it have been better to use two strains with the genotypes met^-leu⁺and met⁺leu^-instead?