Exam 9: Cell Communication

Dictyostelium amoebas gather to form a fruiting body in a process similar to ____.

Adjacent animal cells utilize ____ to rapidly communicate with each other.

Communication and integration of responses between simultaneously occurring cell signaling pathways is called ____.

You have recently identified a molecule you believe to be a signaling molecule associated with signal transduction. All you know about this molecule is that it is hydrophilic; therefore, you expect it to interact with a receptor ____.

The insulin receptor is an example of a(n) ____.

Steroid hormones are nonpolar molecules derived from cholesterol.

Steroid hormones ____.

In the process of quorum sensing, bacteria release signaling molecules in ____ concentrations as cell density ____.

Why is it necessary for cells to communicate with each other in a regulated way?

More than 60% of all prescribed drugs target ____, due to their wide physiological impact.

In the IP3/DAG pathway, what is the effector molecule?

Once activated, cAMP is quickly degraded to AMP by ____, switching off the signal pathway.

The last protein in a signaling pathway is called the ____.

How do cells in the body of a multicellular organism communicate with each other?

G-protein-coupled receptors are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

During autophosphorylation, RTKs add phosphate groups to which amino acids?

In general, a cell receiving a message undergoes three stages of cell signaling. What are these stages?

The two major categories of extracellular signaling molecules that bind to cell surface receptors are ____.

In the liver, the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the breakdown of glucose.

Steroid hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, are polar signaling molecules.