Exam 32: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Tunicates, members of one major class of the ____ lineage, have tadpolelike larvae, but their sessile adult forms are usually encased in a leathery "tunic."

Frogs and toads belong to the ____ lineage.

The living descendants of the clade Reptilia include lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiles, and birds.

Which structure do turtles lack?

The ___ Echinoderm lineage is made up of sea urchins and sand dollars, whose ossicles are fused into solid tests that restrict flexibility but provide excellent protection.

Birds are living representatives of the ____ lineage.

Water enters the water vascular system of a sea star through a structure called the ____.

Occupying Europe and western Asia from about 150,000 to 28,000 years ago, ____ had a heavier build, more pronounced brow ridges and slightly larger brains than modern humans, and were culturally and technologically sophisticated.

Which group is most closely related to bonobos?

Which group is most closely related to humans?

Why is the absence of bone in Chondrichthyes considered a derived trait?

Tarsiers, new world monkeys, old world monkeys, and apes are all living members of the ____ mammalian lineage.

How is neural crest different from endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm?

Which structure is a covering for the gill chamber in ray-finned fishes?

Which structure is derived from an ancestral air-breathing lung in ray-finned fishes and is used to increase buoyancy?

The majority of mammal species living today are ____, or placentals, including such diverse groups as rodents, bats, whales, and primates.

Members of the ____ phylum have bilaterally symmetrical larvae, but exhibit secondary radial symmetry as adults, usually organized around five rays, or "arms."

Crocodiles are living representatives of ____.

In animals, one group of homeobox genes, the Hox gene family, regulates the development and location of structures such as legs and wings along the anterior-posterior axis of the body.