Exam 32: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Living members of the ____ lineage include the sharks, skates, and rays, all of which have skeletons made entirely of cartilage.

At some point during development, all members of the ____ phylum have a hollow dorsal nerve cord, a perforated pharynx, a notochord, and segmented muscles in both the body wall and postanal tail.

The ___ Echinoderm lineage is made up of brittle and basket stars, each with elongated, slender, somewhat snakelike arms surrounding a well-defined central disk.

The ___ Echinoderm lineage is made up of sea cucumbers, which are elongated along their oral-aboral axis and have a well-developed circulatory system.

Members of the ___ Echinoderm lineage include sessile sea lilies and feather stars, which can swim or crawl as adults.

Members of the ____ phylum have a unique water vascular system connected to tube feet that are used for movement.

In chordates, the ____ is a digestive system structure just posterior to the mouth.

Based on the fossil record, ____ evolved about 1.8 million years ago and made fairly sophisticated tools, including the hand axe.

The tympanum and stapes are used in tetrapods for ____.

A key trait that distinguishes gnathostomes from other chordate lineages is the presence of ____.

The ____ lineage was a diverse group in the Mesozoic, but now is composed of only two living members, including the tuatara.

The pattern of locomotion used by gibbons and siamangs, in which they use their arms to hang below branches and swing forward, is called ____.

The duck-billed platypus shares which trait with non-mammalian animals?

The internal skeleton of species in the subphylum Vertebrata provides both structural support for muscles and protection for internal organs.

The ____ lineage contains the fleshy-finned fishes, with fins supported by muscles and an internal bony skeleton.

Fossil tooth parts of extinct ____ suggest that these organisms were the earliest vertebrates with bonelike structures.

Along with lipids, the skin of amniotes is filled with ____ to help prevent water loss.