Exam 32: Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

Mammals are thought to be living descendants of ____.

American alligators are living members of the ____ lineage.

Members of the ____ lizard genus are commonly used as model systems for studies of ecology and evolutionary biology.

Based on fossil evidence, ____ is the oldest of the species listed.

Several lineages of extinct ____ were jawless fishes with bony plates and scales and three brain regions (forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain).

Deuterostomia is a ____ lineage of animals that dates to the ____.

According to the fossil record, tetrapods arose from ____.

The fossil record shows that the jawed fishes called ____, which diversified in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods but left no direct descendants, had heads covered with large, heavy, bony plates and jaws with sharp cutting edges.

A tube foot of a sea star moves when the small muscular bulb called the ____ contracts, forcing fluid into the tube foot.

Ecomorphs are ____.

Which structure surrounds and protects the brain in all vertebrates?