Question 1

Donor cells in conjugation are labeled ____ cells, whereas recipient cells are labeled ____ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  F+; F- 
B)  F+; F+ 
C)  F-; F+ 
D)  F1; F2 
E)  F+; F2 
A)  F+; F- 
B)  F+; F+ 
C)  F-; F+ 
D)  F1; F2 
E)  F+; F2 A

Question 2

What is the main difference between a virulent and temperate bacteriophage?

Accepted Answer

A virulent phage kills its host with each infection cycle. A temperate phage might also kill the host, but it can also enter an inactive phase in which its viral DNA integrates into the host cell's chromosome.

Question 3

Genetic recombination ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs in eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes 
B)  involves exchange between non-homologous regions of DNA 
C)  results from asexual reproduction 
D)  decreases genetic diversity 
E)  can occur in the absence of meiosis 
A)  occurs in eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes 
B)  involves exchange between non-homologous regions of DNA 
C)  results from asexual reproduction 
D)  decreases genetic diversity 
E)  can occur in the absence of meiosis E

Question 4

A researcher exposes a nonvirulent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae to heat-killed cells of a virulent strain. After exposure, the bacterial cells will be ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transduced 
B)  artificially transformed 
C)  transformed 
D)  nonvirulent 
E)  conjugated 
A)  transduced 
B)  artificially transformed 
C)  transformed 
D)  nonvirulent 
E)  conjugated

Question 5

For some virulent phages, fragments of the host DNA may be included in the heads as the viral particles assemble, providing the basis for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation 
B)  transmutation 
C)  metabolism 
D)  specific transduction 
E)  generalized transduction 
A)  transformation 
B)  transmutation 
C)  metabolism 
D)  specific transduction 
E)  generalized transduction

Question 6

Small circles of DNA that occur in bacteria in addition to the main circular chromosomal DNA molecule are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transformants 
B)  plastids 
C)  plasmids 
D)  plasmitrons 
E)  bacteriophages 
A)  transformants 
B)  plastids 
C)  plasmids 
D)  plasmitrons 
E)  bacteriophages

Question 7

Enveloped viruses ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  generally lyse host cells as they are released 
B)  synthesize envelope lipids as they replicate within the host cell 
C)  acquire their envelope as they bud from the host cell 
D)  acquire their envelope as they enter the host cell 
E)  always contain DNA genomes 
A)  generally lyse host cells as they are released 
B)  synthesize envelope lipids as they replicate within the host cell 
C)  acquire their envelope as they bud from the host cell 
D)  acquire their envelope as they enter the host cell 
E)  always contain DNA genomes

Question 8

The pattern of gene transfer from Hfr to F-cells ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs with genes furthest from the F factor being transferred first 
B)  can be used to map chromosomal genes in the F-cell 
C)  was used to map the E. coli chromosome 
D)  cannot be used to indicate the relative positions of genes within the Hfr cell 
E)  is random because the F factor moves between different positions in the chromosome 
A)  occurs with genes furthest from the F factor being transferred first 
B)  can be used to map chromosomal genes in the F-cell 
C)  was used to map the E. coli chromosome 
D)  cannot be used to indicate the relative positions of genes within the Hfr cell 
E)  is random because the F factor moves between different positions in the chromosome

Question 9

Transformation is used in genetic engineering to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  generate bacteria with an F factor for conjugation 
B)  understand how bacteriophages transfer DNA to bacteria 
C)  obtain large quantities of viruses for study 
D)  produce large quantities of the inserted DNA in order to increase yields of the target product 
E)  introduce new genes into a bacterium's mitochondrial DNA 
A)  generate bacteria with an F factor for conjugation 
B)  understand how bacteriophages transfer DNA to bacteria 
C)  obtain large quantities of viruses for study 
D)  produce large quantities of the inserted DNA in order to increase yields of the target product 
E)  introduce new genes into a bacterium's mitochondrial DNA

Question 10

What is the outcome of F+X F-conjugation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The F-cell receives a copy of the F factor and becomes an F+cell. 
B)  The F-cell receives a copy of the F factor but remains an F-cell. 
C)  Chromosomal DNA is transferred from the F+cell to the F-cell. 
D)  Chromosomal DNA is transferred from the F-cell to the F+cell. 
E)  A genetic recombination of bacterial genes takes place. 
A)  The F-cell receives a copy of the F factor and becomes an F+cell. 
B)  The F-cell receives a copy of the F factor but remains an F-cell. 
C)  Chromosomal DNA is transferred from the F+cell to the F-cell. 
D)  Chromosomal DNA is transferred from the F-cell to the F+cell. 
E)  A genetic recombination of bacterial genes takes place.

Question 11

Figure 17.1
Use the accompanying figure.
The gene that governs a cell's ability to synthesize biotin from inorganic precursors is labeled " bio ." The designation bio+indicates the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal allele 
B)  mutant allele 
C)  bacterium is biologically active 
D)  bacterium is biologically inactive 
E)  bacterium cannot make its own biotin 
A)  normal allele 
B)  mutant allele 
C)  bacterium is biologically active 
D)  bacterium is biologically inactive 
E)  bacterium cannot make its own biotin

Question 12

Some animal viruses may enter a ____ stage in which the virus remains in the cell in inactive form.

Accepted Answer

A)  latent 
B)  virulent 
C)  temperate 
D)  transformation 
E)  lytic 
A)  latent 
B)  virulent 
C)  temperate 
D)  transformation 
E)  lytic

Question 13

Conjugation is a process by which bacterial cells ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer DNA from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge 
B)  release DNA into their surroundings to be taken up by neighboring bacteria 
C)  disrupt each other by lysing cell membranes 
D)  are infected with a virus 
E)  use a bacteriophage to carry DNA from one bacterium to another 
A)  transfer DNA from one cell to another through a cytoplasmic bridge 
B)  release DNA into their surroundings to be taken up by neighboring bacteria 
C)  disrupt each other by lysing cell membranes 
D)  are infected with a virus 
E)  use a bacteriophage to carry DNA from one bacterium to another

Question 14

Viruses ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  can reproduce independently 
B)  are made up of cells 
C)  grow and develop 
D)  generate metabolic energy 
E)  adapt very readily over time 
A)  can reproduce independently 
B)  are made up of cells 
C)  grow and develop 
D)  generate metabolic energy 
E)  adapt very readily over time

Question 15

All viruses ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  are parasites of the host they infect 
B)  replicate in the same way 
C)  share the same structure 
D)  use the same mechanisms for gene expression 
E)  enter host cells in the same manner 
A)  are parasites of the host they infect 
B)  replicate in the same way 
C)  share the same structure 
D)  use the same mechanisms for gene expression 
E)  enter host cells in the same manner

Question 16

Viruses that kill bacterial host cells during each cycle of infection are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  virulent bacteriophages 
B)  enveloped viruses 
C)  temperate bacteriophages 
D)  phages 
E)  nonvirulent bacteriophages 
A)  virulent bacteriophages 
B)  enveloped viruses 
C)  temperate bacteriophages 
D)  phages 
E)  nonvirulent bacteriophages

Question 17

How can the influenza virus infect individuals who have been previously infected and, therefore, produce antibodies against this virus?

Accepted Answer

The influenza virus mutates and infectio

Question 18

The two basic structural forms taken by most viruses are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  polyhedral or enveloped 
B)  helical or enveloped 
C)  helical or polyhedral 
D)  cylindrical or polyhedral 
E)  cylindrical or enveloped 
A)  polyhedral or enveloped 
B)  helical or enveloped 
C)  helical or polyhedral 
D)  cylindrical or polyhedral 
E)  cylindrical or enveloped

Question 19

What happens when a phage containing bacterial DNA attaches to and injects DNA into another bacterial cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The phage is destroyed. 
B)  The phage replicates. 
C)  The bacterial cell dies from the phage infection. 
D)  The bacterial cell lives and produces many copies of the phage. 
E)  The bacterial cell becomes a partial diploid and may undergo genetic recombination. 
A)  The phage is destroyed. 
B)  The phage replicates. 
C)  The bacterial cell dies from the phage infection. 
D)  The bacterial cell lives and produces many copies of the phage. 
E)  The bacterial cell becomes a partial diploid and may undergo genetic recombination.

Question 20

During the ____ cycle, viral DNA, which has been inserted into the host DNA, remains mostly or completely inactive, but is replicated and passed onto host cell progeny.

Accepted Answer

A)  lytic 
B)  lysogenic 
C)  Krebs 
D)  citric acid 
E)  lytic or lysogenic 
A)  lytic 
B)  lysogenic 
C)  Krebs 
D)  citric acid 
E)  lytic or lysogenic

Exam 17: Bacterial and Viral Genetics

Donor cells in conjugation are labeled ____ cells, whereas recipient cells are labeled ____ cells.

What is the main difference between a virulent and temperate bacteriophage?

Genetic recombination ____.

A researcher exposes a nonvirulent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae to heat-killed cells of a virulent strain. After exposure, the bacterial cells will be ____.

For some virulent phages, fragments of the host DNA may be included in the heads as the viral particles assemble, providing the basis for ____.

Small circles of DNA that occur in bacteria in addition to the main circular chromosomal DNA molecule are called ____.

Enveloped viruses ____.

The pattern of gene transfer from Hfr to F-cells ____.

Transformation is used in genetic engineering to ____.

What is the outcome of F+X F-conjugation?

Figure 17.1 Use the accompanying figure. The gene that governs a cell's ability to synthesize biotin from inorganic precursors is labeled " bio ." The designation bio+indicates the ____.

Some animal viruses may enter a ____ stage in which the virus remains in the cell in inactive form.

Conjugation is a process by which bacterial cells ____.

Viruses ____.

All viruses ____.

Viruses that kill bacterial host cells during each cycle of infection are called ____.

How can the influenza virus infect individuals who have been previously infected and, therefore, produce antibodies against this virus?

The two basic structural forms taken by most viruses are ____.

What happens when a phage containing bacterial DNA attaches to and injects DNA into another bacterial cell?

During the ____ cycle, viral DNA, which has been inserted into the host DNA, remains mostly or completely inactive, but is replicated and passed onto host cell progeny.

Introduction to Biological Concepts and Research

Life, Chemistry, and Water

Biological Molecules: the Carbon Compounds of Life

Cells

Membranes and Transport

Energy, Enzymes, and Biological Reactions

Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Cell Division and Mitosis

Meiosis: the Cellular Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Mendel, Genes, and Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes, and Human Genetics

Dna Structure, Replication, and Organization

Gene Expression: From Dna to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technology: Making and Using Genetically Altered Organisms, and Other Applications

Genomes and Proteomes

The Development of Evolutionary Thought

Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Speciation

Paleobiology and Macroevolution

Systematic Biology: Phylogeny and Classification

The Origin of Life

Prokaryotes and Viruses

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Phylogeny, Acoelomates, and Protostomes

Deuterostomes: Vertebrates and Their Closest Relatives

The Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Information Flow and the Neuron

Nervous Systems

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

Muscles, Bones, and Body Movements

The Circulatory System

Defenses Against Disease

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Digestive Systems and Animal Nutrition

Regulating the Internal Environment: Osmoregulation, Excretion, and Thermoregulation

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Population Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Animal Behavior

Filters

Donor cells in conjugation are labeled cells, whereas recipient cells are labeled cells.

The pattern of gene transfer from Hfr to F^-cells ____.

What is the outcome of F⁺X F^-conjugation?

Figure 17.1 Use the accompanying figure. The gene that governs a cell's ability to synthesize biotin from inorganic precursors is labeled " bio ." The designation bio⁺indicates the ____.