Question 1

If a patient with renal disease is diagnosed with an acid-base disorder, such metabolic acidosis, this would mean which function of the kidneys is affected?

Accepted Answer

A) excretory 
B) production of hormones 
C) pH homeostasis 
D) filtering 
A) excretory 
B) production of hormones 
C) pH homeostasis 
D) filtering

Question 2

If intradialytic weight gain exceeds 5%, one can assume:

Accepted Answer

A) the patient needs more fluid restriction. 
B) the patient is experiencing hypertension. 
C) the patient is following a strict 2-gram sodium diet. 
D) the patient consumed too much food. 
A) the patient needs more fluid restriction. 
B) the patient is experiencing hypertension. 
C) the patient is following a strict 2-gram sodium diet. 
D) the patient consumed too much food.

Question 3

When someone has acute renal failure that we determine is a result of inadequate perfusion, which of the following is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) nephrotoxicity 
B) glomerulonephritis 
C) severe dehydration 
D) ureter blockage 
A) nephrotoxicity 
B) glomerulonephritis 
C) severe dehydration 
D) ureter blockage

Question 4

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A) azotemia. 
B) increased serum Ca. 
C) osteitis fibrosa cystica. 
D) decreased inactive vitamin D. 
A) azotemia. 
B) increased serum Ca. 
C) osteitis fibrosa cystica. 
D) decreased inactive vitamin D.

Question 5

When educating your patients on the amount of Ca to include in their renal diet, it is important to also include:

Accepted Answer

A) bioavailable dairy. 
B) the inverse relationship with P. 
C) phosphate binders. 
D) oxalates. 
A) bioavailable dairy. 
B) the inverse relationship with P. 
C) phosphate binders. 
D) oxalates.

Question 6

What is the normal serum creatinine value?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.8-1.2 mg/dL for males, 0.6-1.0 mg/dL for females 
B) 0.6-1.0 mg/dL for males, 0.8-1.2 mg/dL for females 
C) 3.5-5.0 g/dL for males and females 
D) 9.0-10.5 mg/dL for males and females 
A) 0.8-1.2 mg/dL for males, 0.6-1.0 mg/dL for females 
B) 0.6-1.0 mg/dL for males, 0.8-1.2 mg/dL for females 
C) 3.5-5.0 g/dL for males and females 
D) 9.0-10.5 mg/dL for males and females

Question 7

The mechanism that best describes how diabetes leads to CKD is:

Accepted Answer

A) insulin has a negative effect on the nephrons. 
B) albumin penetrates the walls of the collecting tubules. 
C) hyperglycemia may cause the glomerulus to thicken and increase its permeability. 
D) blood glucose levels remain elevated because of the impaired excretory function of the kidneys. 
A) insulin has a negative effect on the nephrons. 
B) albumin penetrates the walls of the collecting tubules. 
C) hyperglycemia may cause the glomerulus to thicken and increase its permeability. 
D) blood glucose levels remain elevated because of the impaired excretory function of the kidneys.

Question 8

Which of the following measures is used to best estimate kidney disease progression?

Accepted Answer

A) BUN 
B) GFR 
C) Cr 
D) Cr clearance 
A) BUN 
B) GFR 
C) Cr 
D) Cr clearance

Question 9

The difference between azotemia and uremia is that in uremia there is/are:

Accepted Answer

A) accumulation of nitrogenous waste. 
B) a rise in K. 
C) a rise in BUN. 
D) symptoms of weakness. 
A) accumulation of nitrogenous waste. 
B) a rise in K. 
C) a rise in BUN. 
D) symptoms of weakness.

Question 10

The minimum amount of urine that needs to be produced in order to rid the body of wastes is

Accepted Answer

A) 1 liter. 
B) 500 mL. 
C) 1500 mL. 
D) There is no minimum. 
A) 1 liter. 
B) 500 mL. 
C) 1500 mL. 
D) There is no minimum.

Question 11

When someone has acute renal failure that we determine is a result of exposure to contrast dye, which of the following is a likely cause?

Accepted Answer

A) nephrotoxicity 
B) acute tubular necrosis 
C) severe dehydration 
D) ureter blockage 
A) nephrotoxicity 
B) acute tubular necrosis 
C) severe dehydration 
D) ureter blockage

Question 12

The primary nutrition intervention in ARF is:

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring serum albumin. 
B) delivering adequate calories and protein. 
C) high protein intake. 
D) calcium supplementation. 
A) monitoring serum albumin. 
B) delivering adequate calories and protein. 
C) high protein intake. 
D) calcium supplementation.

Question 13

A GFR of 15 mL/min/173 m3 means:

Accepted Answer

A) a renal diet is warranted. 
B) you are on renal replacement therapy. 
C) your blood Cr level should be low. 
D) the Cr clearance should be high. 
A) a renal diet is warranted. 
B) you are on renal replacement therapy. 
C) your blood Cr level should be low. 
D) the Cr clearance should be high.

Question 14

Your patient has been diagnosed with CKD He consumes very-high-fat foods and has elevated cholesterol The focus of your nutrition therapy should be:

Accepted Answer

A) heart-healthy eating. 
B) supplementing with B vitamins. 
C) decreasing protein intake. 
D) monitoring P and K. 
A) heart-healthy eating. 
B) supplementing with B vitamins. 
C) decreasing protein intake. 
D) monitoring P and K.

Question 15

Which condition is a result of the loss of the glomerular barrier to protein and results in large protein losses in the urine?

Accepted Answer

A) end-stage renal disease 
B) kidney stones 
C) nephrotic syndrome 
D) acute renal failure 
A) end-stage renal disease 
B) kidney stones 
C) nephrotic syndrome 
D) acute renal failure

Question 16

Case Study 
             HR is a 65 yo F with CKD Stage 4 secondary to DM. Her doctor is preparing to put her on dialysis.               HT: 5’6”           WT: 165#              Diet hx:        B- 3 pancakes with syrup       D- steak, fries                      1 c orange juice       lettuce/cucumbers with French dressing                             1 cup ginger ale                      L- ham and cheese with lettuce                             1 cup grape juice       S- chocolate cake or cookies                      S- apple       ½ c whole milk      
-If her doctor starts her on PD, how much protein would she need each day?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.60-0.75 g/kg 
B) 0.60-0.75 g/kg. 
C) 1.2 g/kg. 
D) 1.2-1.3 g/kg. 
A) 0.60-0.75 g/kg 
B) 0.60-0.75 g/kg. 
C) 1.2 g/kg. 
D) 1.2-1.3 g/kg.

Question 17

We often use a form of dialysis to assist in the treatment of acute renal failure This mode of dialysis is called:

Accepted Answer

A) CCPD 
B) CRRT 
C) hemodialysis 
D) CAPD 
A) CCPD 
B) CRRT 
C) hemodialysis 
D) CAPD

Question 18

Which of the following statements is not true about CKD?

Accepted Answer

A) It can progress to ESRD. 
B) It is reversible if controlled properly. 
C) There are 5 stages. 
D) Metabolic abnormalities are common. 
A) It can progress to ESRD. 
B) It is reversible if controlled properly. 
C) There are 5 stages. 
D) Metabolic abnormalities are common.

Question 19

When a person is unable to produce enough urine to excrete metabolic wastes, we say that the condition of _____ exists

Accepted Answer

A) oliguria 
B) diuresis 
C) homeostasis 
A) oliguria 
B) diuresis 
C) homeostasis

Question 20

Which of the following persons is at highest risk for developing CKD?

Accepted Answer

A) a female with ARF 
B) a male with high protein intake who has had ARF in the past 
C) a male diabetic with diagnosed proteinuria 
D) a female African American who has lupus 
A) a female with ARF 
B) a male with high protein intake who has had ARF in the past 
C) a male diabetic with diagnosed proteinuria 
D) a female African American who has lupus

HR is a 65 yo F with CKD Stage 4 secondary to DM. Her doctor is preparing to put her on dialysis.
HT: 5’6” WT: 165#
Diet hx:	B- 3 pancakes with syrup	D- steak, fries
	1 c orange juice	lettuce/cucumbers with French dressing
		1 cup ginger ale
	L- ham and cheese with lettuce
	1 cup grape juice	S- chocolate cake or cookies
	S- apple	½ c whole milk

Exam 18: Diseases of the Renal System

If a patient with renal disease is diagnosed with an acid-base disorder, such metabolic acidosis, this would mean which function of the kidneys is affected?

If intradialytic weight gain exceeds 5%, one can assume:

When someone has acute renal failure that we determine is a result of inadequate perfusion, which of the following is a likely cause?

Secondary hyperparathyroidism can lead to:

When educating your patients on the amount of Ca to include in their renal diet, it is important to also include:

What is the normal serum creatinine value?

The mechanism that best describes how diabetes leads to CKD is:

Which of the following measures is used to best estimate kidney disease progression?

The difference between azotemia and uremia is that in uremia there is/are:

The minimum amount of urine that needs to be produced in order to rid the body of wastes is

When someone has acute renal failure that we determine is a result of exposure to contrast dye, which of the following is a likely cause?

The primary nutrition intervention in ARF is:

A GFR of 15 mL/min/173 m3 means:

Your patient has been diagnosed with CKD He consumes very-high-fat foods and has elevated cholesterol The focus of your nutrition therapy should be:

Which condition is a result of the loss of the glomerular barrier to protein and results in large protein losses in the urine?

We often use a form of dialysis to assist in the treatment of acute renal failure This mode of dialysis is called:

Which of the following statements is not true about CKD?

When a person is unable to produce enough urine to excrete metabolic wastes, we say that the condition of _____ exists

Which of the following persons is at highest risk for developing CKD?

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment: Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury:The Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Energy Balance and Body Weight

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Hiv and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters