Question 1

Plasma homeostasis of Ca is maintained through the interaction of all of the following hormones except for:

Accepted Answer

A) PTH. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. 
D) thyroxin. 
A) PTH. 
B) calcitonin. 
C) 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. 
D) thyroxin. D

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a fluid that surrounds cells. 
B) It is a fluid found within blood. 
C) It is a fluid found in secretions within organs. 
D) It is a fluid found inside cells. 
A) It is a fluid that surrounds cells. 
B) It is a fluid found within blood. 
C) It is a fluid found in secretions within organs. 
D) It is a fluid found inside cells. A

Question 3

The term "third spacing" is used to describe:

Accepted Answer

A) fluid that accumulates inside the organs. 
B) fluid that accumulates around the brain. 
C) fluid that accumulates in spaces between organs. 
D) fluid that accumulates in between joints. 
A) fluid that accumulates inside the organs. 
B) fluid that accumulates around the brain. 
C) fluid that accumulates in spaces between organs. 
D) fluid that accumulates in between joints. C

Question 4

Renal solute load:

Accepted Answer

A) consists of waste products that need to be excreted in the urine. 
B) is impossible to calculate except with very sophisticated tests. 
C) is unrelated to the volume of water needed for excretion by the kidney. 
D) is typically 50-100 mOsm/day. 
A) consists of waste products that need to be excreted in the urine. 
B) is impossible to calculate except with very sophisticated tests. 
C) is unrelated to the volume of water needed for excretion by the kidney. 
D) is typically 50-100 mOsm/day.

Question 5

When serum calcium levels are low, _____ is secreted from the _____

Accepted Answer

A) PTH, thyroid gland 
B) thyroxin, parathyroid gland 
C) PTH, parathyroid gland 
D) calcitonin, parathyroid gland 
A) PTH, thyroid gland 
B) thyroxin, parathyroid gland 
C) PTH, parathyroid gland 
D) calcitonin, parathyroid gland

Question 6

What is the major cation found in ICF?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) sodium 
C) potassium 
D) magnesium 
A) calcium 
B) sodium 
C) potassium 
D) magnesium

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: arginine vasopressin
edema
rales
preeclampsia
leukocytosis
thrombocytosis
diabetes insipidus
cyclosporine
Kayexalate
baroreceptor
paresthesias
ascites

Accepted Answer

The Answer of development of hypertension, with symptoms of proteinuria is...

Question 8

Case Study 
Mr.M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5 and is going to be requiring dialysis.His initial laboratory work came back and he has low Na, Cl, and Ca levels as well as high K and P levels.The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction.
-The type of fluid involved in Mr M's imbalance is:

Accepted Answer

A) intracellular. 
B) transcellular. 
C) extracellular. 
D) pericardial. 
A) intracellular. 
B) transcellular. 
C) extracellular. 
D) pericardial.

Question 9

Case Study 
Mr.M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5 and is going to be requiring dialysis.His initial laboratory work came back and he has low Na, Cl, and Ca levels as well as high K and P levels.The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction.
-The physician has placed Mr M on a diuretic A good measure of how he is responding to this medication would be:

Accepted Answer

A) I & Os. 
B) albumin. 
C) phosphorus. 
D) calcium. 
A) I & Os. 
B) albumin. 
C) phosphorus. 
D) calcium.

Question 10

Total body water accounts for an average of ____ of weight in males

Accepted Answer

A) 60% 
B) 70% 
C) 50% 
D) 80% 
A) 60% 
B) 70% 
C) 50% 
D) 80%

Question 11

Which of the following proteins exerts the greatest effect on colloid osmotic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) retinol-binding protein 
B) albumin 
C) transthyretin 
D) transferrin 
A) retinol-binding protein 
B) albumin 
C) transthyretin 
D) transferrin

Question 12

When a cell is exposed to a _____ solution, fluid moves into the cell to maintain equilibrium, resulting in cellular _____

Accepted Answer

A) hypotonic, swelling 
B) hypertonic, swelling 
C) hypotonic, dehydration 
D) hypertonic, dehydration 
A) hypotonic, swelling 
B) hypertonic, swelling 
C) hypotonic, dehydration 
D) hypertonic, dehydration

Question 13

Case Study 
Mr.M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5 and is going to be requiring dialysis.His initial laboratory work came back and he has low Na, Cl, and Ca levels as well as high K and P levels.The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction.
-One of the reasons for the physician's order for a potassium restriction could be:

Accepted Answer

A) potassium interacts with kidney disease medications. 
B) high potassium levels stimulate the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. 
C) high potassium levels cause the retention of vasopressin. 
D) potassium directly interacts with calcium. 
A) potassium interacts with kidney disease medications. 
B) high potassium levels stimulate the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. 
C) high potassium levels cause the retention of vasopressin. 
D) potassium directly interacts with calcium.

Question 14

Vasopressin is responsible for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase of fluid reabsorption in the kidneys 
B) the excretion of sodium 
C) a decrease of fluid reabsorption in the kidneys 
D) the reabsorption of sodium 
A) an increase of fluid reabsorption in the kidneys 
B) the excretion of sodium 
C) a decrease of fluid reabsorption in the kidneys 
D) the reabsorption of sodium

Question 15

In what situation would aldosterone be stimulated?

Accepted Answer

A) when serum sodium is low 
B) when serum calcium is high 
C) when plasma volume is high 
D) when plasma volume is low 
A) when serum sodium is low 
B) when serum calcium is high 
C) when plasma volume is high 
D) when plasma volume is low

Question 16

As body fat content _____, the percentage of body water _____

Accepted Answer

A) increases, decreases 
B) decreases, increases 
C) decreases, decreases 
D) increases, increases 
A) increases, decreases 
B) decreases, increases 
C) decreases, decreases 
D) increases, increases

Question 17

Case Study 
Mr.M has been diagnosed with chronic kidney disease Stage 5 and is going to be requiring dialysis.His initial laboratory work came back and he has low Na, Cl, and Ca levels as well as high K and P levels.The physician has put him on a fluid restriction, a potassium restriction, and a phosphorus restriction.
-Which of the following is contributing to Mr M's fluid imbalance?

Accepted Answer

A) diseased kidneys 
B) excessive urine output 
C) aldosterone secretion exceeding production 
D) excessive thirst 
A) diseased kidneys 
B) excessive urine output 
C) aldosterone secretion exceeding production 
D) excessive thirst

Question 18

Which is a molecule that ionizes in solution?

Accepted Answer

A) glucose 
B) amino acid 
C) sodium 
D) lactate 
A) glucose 
B) amino acid 
C) sodium 
D) lactate

Question 19

The accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces is called:

Accepted Answer

A) hyperkalamia. 
B) ascites. 
C) edema. 
D) hypervolemia. 
A) hyperkalamia. 
B) ascites. 
C) edema. 
D) hypervolemia.

Question 20

Angiotensin II stimulates the release of _____, which stimulates the kidneys to retain Na+

Accepted Answer

A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) angiostensin I 
D) ANP 
A) ADH 
B) aldosterone 
C) angiostensin I 
D) ANP

Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Plasma homeostasis of Ca is maintained through the interaction of all of the following hormones except for:

Which of the following statements is true regarding interstitial fluid?

The term "third spacing" is used to describe:

Renal solute load:

When serum calcium levels are low, _____ is secreted from the _____

What is the major cation found in ICF?

Total body water accounts for an average of ____ of weight in males

Which of the following proteins exerts the greatest effect on colloid osmotic pressure?

When a cell is exposed to a _____ solution, fluid moves into the cell to maintain equilibrium, resulting in cellular _____

Vasopressin is responsible for which of the following?

In what situation would aldosterone be stimulated?

As body fat content _____, the percentage of body water _____

Which is a molecule that ionizes in solution?

The accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces is called:

Angiotensin II stimulates the release of _____, which stimulates the kidneys to retain Na+

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment: Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Acid-Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury:The Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Energy Balance and Body Weight

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Hiv and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

When serum calcium levels are low, _ is secreted from the _

When a cell is exposed to a _ solution, fluid moves into the cell to maintain equilibrium, resulting in cellular _

As body fat content _, the percentage of body water _