Question 1

A desirable LDL level is less than:

Accepted Answer

A) 160 mg/dL. 
B) 140 mg/dL. 
C) 100 mg/dL. 
D) 200 mg/dL. 
A) 160 mg/dL. 
B) 140 mg/dL. 
C) 100 mg/dL. 
D) 200 mg/dL. C

Question 2

Which part of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circulation?

Accepted Answer

A) left ventricle 
B) right ventricle 
C) left atria 
D) right atria 
A) left ventricle 
B) right ventricle 
C) left atria 
D) right atria A

Question 3

Which lipoprotein is responsible for the transport of lipids that are consumed by mouth?

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons 
B) LDL 
C) VLDL 
D) ILDL 
A) chylomicrons 
B) LDL 
C) VLDL 
D) ILDL A

Question 4

The MAP is regulated by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) smooth muscle tissue. 
B) the renin-angiotensin system. 
C) the kidneys. 
D) the sympathetic nervous system. 
A) smooth muscle tissue. 
B) the renin-angiotensin system. 
C) the kidneys. 
D) the sympathetic nervous system.

Question 5

A patient's ECG was abnormal and the physician determined that a pacemaker was necessary Which of the following best describes the normal electrical functioning of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A) Electrical activity is initiated by the SA node and depolarization is carried from the ventricle by the AV node. 
B) Electrical activity is initiated by the AV node and depolarization is carried from the atria by the SA node. 
C) As the resting membrane potential decreases the SA node will reach its depolarization threshold. 
D) As the resting membrane potential increases the AV node will reach its depolarization threshold. 
A) Electrical activity is initiated by the SA node and depolarization is carried from the ventricle by the AV node. 
B) Electrical activity is initiated by the AV node and depolarization is carried from the atria by the SA node. 
C) As the resting membrane potential decreases the SA node will reach its depolarization threshold. 
D) As the resting membrane potential increases the AV node will reach its depolarization threshold.

Question 6

The etiology of secondary hypertension may be:

Accepted Answer

A) excessive sodium intake. 
B) obesity. 
C) genetics. 
D) renal artery disease. 
A) excessive sodium intake. 
B) obesity. 
C) genetics. 
D) renal artery disease.

Question 7

We say that most cases of hypertension are considered to be essential hypertension What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A) it is a very serious disease 
B) it is caused by a dietary factor 
C) the etiology is unknown 
A) it is a very serious disease 
B) it is caused by a dietary factor 
C) the etiology is unknown

Question 8

Someone who has suffered an MI:

Accepted Answer

A) has elevated total and LDL cholesterol. 
B) has ventricular tachycardia. 
C) has necrosis of the myocardial cells. 
D) will show decreased CK-MB levels. 
A) has elevated total and LDL cholesterol. 
B) has ventricular tachycardia. 
C) has necrosis of the myocardial cells. 
D) will show decreased CK-MB levels.

Question 9

Case Study
             PT is a 65 yo M who comes to the emergency room complaining of chest pain. Several diagnostic tests conclude that he has suffered an MI. The registered dietitian is consulted for nutrition education. PT reports that he has gained 30 pounds in the previous year due to his hectic work schedule, which forces him to eat out often. In addition, he is physically inactive. PT also reports that he has a family history of heart disease and his father died of an MI.               HT: 5’9       WT: 190#       Waist Circumference: 105 cm       BP: 140/93               Cholesterol:       259                             LDL:       180                             HDL:       58                             TG:       234                             Diet Hx:                                    B Egg and sausage muffin Coffee               D Chicken breast Mashed potatoes Iced tea                                                          L Ham and cheese sandwich on white bread Potato chips Soda                           
-The registered dietitian may recommend which of the following additions to PT's diet to help decrease the absorption of lipids and increase their excretion?

Accepted Answer

A) nuts 
B) soluble fiber 
C) folate 
D) complex carbohydrates 
A) nuts 
B) soluble fiber 
C) folate 
D) complex carbohydrates

Question 10

Case Study
             PT is a 65 yo M who comes to the emergency room complaining of chest pain. Several diagnostic tests conclude that he has suffered an MI. The registered dietitian is consulted for nutrition education. PT reports that he has gained 30 pounds in the previous year due to his hectic work schedule, which forces him to eat out often. In addition, he is physically inactive. PT also reports that he has a family history of heart disease and his father died of an MI.               HT: 5’9       WT: 190#       Waist Circumference: 105 cm       BP: 140/93               Cholesterol:       259                             LDL:       180                             HDL:       58                             TG:       234                             Diet Hx:                                    B Egg and sausage muffin Coffee               D Chicken breast Mashed potatoes Iced tea                                                          L Ham and cheese sandwich on white bread Potato chips Soda                           
-In addition to suffering an MI, what other diagnosis can the MD make based on the available clinical data?

Accepted Answer

A) PVD 
B) metabolic syndrome 
C) hyperhomocysteinemia 
D) CHF 
A) PVD 
B) metabolic syndrome 
C) hyperhomocysteinemia 
D) CHF

Question 11

When the fibers of the _____ nervous system are stimulated, they release norepinephrine, which _____ heart rate

Accepted Answer

A) parasympathetic, increases 
B) sympathetic, increases 
C) parasympathetic, decreases 
D) sympathetic, decreases 
A) parasympathetic, increases 
B) sympathetic, increases 
C) parasympathetic, decreases 
D) sympathetic, decreases

Question 12

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (such as atenolol) work to:

Accepted Answer

A) decrease heart rate. 
B) block vascular muscle action. 
C) reduce vasoconstriction. 
D) suppress the action of aldosterone. 
A) decrease heart rate. 
B) block vascular muscle action. 
C) reduce vasoconstriction. 
D) suppress the action of aldosterone.

Question 13

Which of the following ethnic and gender groups shows the highest prevalence of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Mexican females 
B) Black males 
C) White males 
D) Hispanic males 
A) Mexican females 
B) Black males 
C) White males 
D) Hispanic males

Question 14

The name of a lipid neutral fatty acid (ie, one that does not seem to affect LDL levels) is:

Accepted Answer

A) oleic. 
B) linolenic. 
C) stearic. 
D) myristic. 
A) oleic. 
B) linolenic. 
C) stearic. 
D) myristic.

Question 15

Case Study
             PT is a 65 yo M who comes to the emergency room complaining of chest pain. Several diagnostic tests conclude that he has suffered an MI. The registered dietitian is consulted for nutrition education. PT reports that he has gained 30 pounds in the previous year due to his hectic work schedule, which forces him to eat out often. In addition, he is physically inactive. PT also reports that he has a family history of heart disease and his father died of an MI.               HT: 5’9       WT: 190#       Waist Circumference: 105 cm       BP: 140/93               Cholesterol:       259                             LDL:       180                             HDL:       58                             TG:       234                             Diet Hx:                                    B Egg and sausage muffin Coffee               D Chicken breast Mashed potatoes Iced tea                                                          L Ham and cheese sandwich on white bread Potato chips Soda                           
-PT's diet is high in which nutrient?

Accepted Answer

A) saturated fat 
B) polyunsaturated fat 
C) monounsaturated fat 
D) vitamins 
A) saturated fat 
B) polyunsaturated fat 
C) monounsaturated fat 
D) vitamins

Question 16

Atherosclerosis begins as a _____, and progresses to a(n) _____

Accepted Answer

A) foam cell, fibrous plaque 
B) fatty streak, foam cell 
C) fibrous plaque, aneurysm 
D) clot, complicated lesion 
A) foam cell, fibrous plaque 
B) fatty streak, foam cell 
C) fibrous plaque, aneurysm 
D) clot, complicated lesion

Question 17

Which of the following people has the highest risk for developing heart disease?

Accepted Answer

A) someone who eats a high amount of cholesterol each day 
B) someone who has a family history of hypertension 
C) someone who is diabetic 
D) someone who has a low HDL 
A) someone who eats a high amount of cholesterol each day 
B) someone who has a family history of hypertension 
C) someone who is diabetic 
D) someone who has a low HDL

Question 18

The difference between an aneurysm and an embolism is:

Accepted Answer

A) atherosclerosis vs.ballooning artery wall. 
B) wandering clot vs.ruptured artery wall. 
C) ballooning artery wall vs.wandering clot. 
D) narrowing artery wall vs.ruptured artery wall. 
A) atherosclerosis vs.ballooning artery wall. 
B) wandering clot vs.ruptured artery wall. 
C) ballooning artery wall vs.wandering clot. 
D) narrowing artery wall vs.ruptured artery wall.

Question 19

Clients with edema associated with congestive heart failure usually have orders for:

Accepted Answer

A) cholesterol restriction and bile acid sequestrants. 
B) saturated fat restriction and corticosteroids. 
C) sodium restriction, fluid restriction, and diuretics. 
D) carbohydrate restriction and insulin. 
A) cholesterol restriction and bile acid sequestrants. 
B) saturated fat restriction and corticosteroids. 
C) sodium restriction, fluid restriction, and diuretics. 
D) carbohydrate restriction and insulin.

Question 20

When the heart is unable to pump hard enough, blood may diffuse into the surrounding tissues How does the kidney respond to this change in fluid volume?

Accepted Answer

A) releases renin, causing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
B) reduces blood pressure 
C) excretes excessive fluid 
D) the kidney does not respond 
A) releases renin, causing conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II 
B) reduces blood pressure 
C) excretes excessive fluid 
D) the kidney does not respond

PT is a 65 yo M who comes to the emergency room complaining of chest pain. Several diagnostic tests conclude that he has suffered an MI. The registered dietitian is consulted for nutrition education. PT reports that he has gained 30 pounds in the previous year due to his hectic work schedule, which forces him to eat out often. In addition, he is physically inactive. PT also reports that he has a family history of heart disease and his father died of an MI.
HT: 5’9	WT: 190#	Waist Circumference: 105 cm	BP: 140/93
Cholesterol:	259
LDL:	180
HDL:	58
TG:	234
Diet Hx:
B Egg and sausage muffin Coffee		D Chicken breast Mashed potatoes Iced tea

L Ham and cheese sandwich on white bread Potato chips Soda

Exam 13: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

A desirable LDL level is less than:

Which part of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circulation?

Which lipoprotein is responsible for the transport of lipids that are consumed by mouth?

The MAP is regulated by all of the following except:

A patient's ECG was abnormal and the physician determined that a pacemaker was necessary Which of the following best describes the normal electrical functioning of the heart?

The etiology of secondary hypertension may be:

We say that most cases of hypertension are considered to be essential hypertension What does this mean?

Someone who has suffered an MI:

When the fibers of the _____ nervous system are stimulated, they release norepinephrine, which _____ heart rate

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (such as atenolol) work to:

Which of the following ethnic and gender groups shows the highest prevalence of hypertension?

The name of a lipid neutral fatty acid (ie, one that does not seem to affect LDL levels) is:

Atherosclerosis begins as a _____, and progresses to a(n) _____

Which of the following people has the highest risk for developing heart disease?

The difference between an aneurysm and an embolism is:

Clients with edema associated with congestive heart failure usually have orders for:

When the heart is unable to pump hard enough, blood may diffuse into the surrounding tissues How does the kidney respond to this change in fluid volume?

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment: Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid-Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury:The Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Energy Balance and Body Weight

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Hiv and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

When the fibers of the _ nervous system are stimulated, they release norepinephrine, which _ heart rate

Atherosclerosis begins as a _, and progresses to a(n) _