Question 1

Acids are defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) substances that donate hydrogen ions. 
B) substances that have a ph level of 7. 
C) substances that accept hydrogen ions. 
D) substance that donate hydroxide ions. 
A) substances that donate hydrogen ions. 
B) substances that have a ph level of 7. 
C) substances that accept hydrogen ions. 
D) substance that donate hydroxide ions. A

Question 2

The most prominent chemical buffering system that is used to regulate pH is the relationship of HCO₃- to:

Accepted Answer

A) carbonic acid. 
B) COs. 
C) H+. 
A) carbonic acid. 
B) COs. 
C) H+. A

Question 3

Bases are defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) substances that donate hydrogen ions. 
B) substances that have a ph level numerically lower than 7. 
C) substances that can accept hydroxide ions. 
D) substances that can accept hydrogen ions. 
A) substances that donate hydrogen ions. 
B) substances that have a ph level numerically lower than 7. 
C) substances that can accept hydroxide ions. 
D) substances that can accept hydrogen ions. D

Question 4

All of the following except _____ can disturb fluid balance and can lead to metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) prolonged vomiting 
B) diuretics 
C) statins 
D) nasogastric suction 
A) prolonged vomiting 
B) diuretics 
C) statins 
D) nasogastric suction

Question 5

All of the following except for _____ can lead to respiratory acidosis

Accepted Answer

A) pneumonia 
B) hypertension 
C) acute pulmonary edema 
D) pneumothorax 
A) pneumonia 
B) hypertension 
C) acute pulmonary edema 
D) pneumothorax

Question 6

An example of a volatile acid is

Accepted Answer

A) carbonic acid. 
B) amino acid. 
C) lactic acid. 
D) phosphoric acid. 
A) carbonic acid. 
B) amino acid. 
C) lactic acid. 
D) phosphoric acid.

Question 7

Stored blood contains _____; therefore, large blood transfusions could potentially lead to metabolic alkalosis

Accepted Answer

A) bicabornate 
B) calcium 
C) citrate 
D) malate 
A) bicabornate 
B) calcium 
C) citrate 
D) malate

Question 8

Which of the following is the most predominant base in the body?

Accepted Answer

A) ammonia 
B) bicarbonate 
C) lithium hydroxide 
D) sodium hydroxide 
A) ammonia 
B) bicarbonate 
C) lithium hydroxide 
D) sodium hydroxide

Question 9

Case Study
             LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.               Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#               LABS:       Na       133       ABGs:       ph       7.49       (7.35-7.45)                      CL       103              pCO2       30       (35-45)                      BUN       25              pO2       96       (80-100)                      Glu       207              HCO3       29       (21-28)                      K       4.1                                                  CO2       34                                                  Cr       1.7                                                  ALB       3.2                                                  CHOL       320                                  
-If this compensatory disorder were to develop, what would be a likely scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) the lungs would slow down respirations 
B) the lungs would increase respirations 
C) the kidneys would reduce their secretion of H+ 
D) the kidneys would increase their secretion of H+ 
A) the lungs would slow down respirations 
B) the lungs would increase respirations 
C) the kidneys would reduce their secretion of H+ 
D) the kidneys would increase their secretion of H+

Question 10

Match between columns
                        Premises: Henderson-Hasselback equation
pK
anion gap
acid-base balance
acidosis
alkalemia
acidemia
alkalosis
electroneutrality

Accepted Answer

The Answer of conditions that produce excess base in the is...

Question 11

All of the following can result in metabolic acidosis except:

Accepted Answer

A) starvation. 
B) ingestion of formaldehyde. 
C) hyperventilation. 
D) overdosing of aspirin. 
A) starvation. 
B) ingestion of formaldehyde. 
C) hyperventilation. 
D) overdosing of aspirin.

Question 12

The lungs work to get rid of an increased amount of acid by:

Accepted Answer

A) increasing the rate and depth of breathing. 
B) increasing the rate and lowering the depth of breathing. 
C) decreasing the rate and depth of breathing. 
D) decreasing the rate and increasing the depth of breathing. 
A) increasing the rate and depth of breathing. 
B) increasing the rate and lowering the depth of breathing. 
C) decreasing the rate and depth of breathing. 
D) decreasing the rate and increasing the depth of breathing.

Question 13

When pH imbalances occur, it may take as long as _____ hours for the renal regulation system to respond

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 24 
C) 36 
D) 48 
A) 12 
B) 24 
C) 36 
D) 48

Question 14

Which of the following is considered a normal serum pH for humans?

Accepted Answer

A) 5.75-6.35 
B) 6.95-7.25 
C) 7.35-7.45 
D) 7.6-7.9 
A) 5.75-6.35 
B) 6.95-7.25 
C) 7.35-7.45 
D) 7.6-7.9

Question 15

All of the following are symptoms of respiratory alkalosis except:

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety. 
B) increased appetite. 
C) mental confusion. 
D) seizures. 
A) anxiety. 
B) increased appetite. 
C) mental confusion. 
D) seizures.

Question 16

The process that leads to an accumulation of acid or loss of base is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) acidemia. 
B) acidosis. 
C) alkalemia. 
D) ascites. 
A) acidemia. 
B) acidosis. 
C) alkalemia. 
D) ascites.

Question 17

Case Study
             LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.               Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#               LABS:       Na       133       ABGs:       ph       7.49       (7.35-7.45)                      CL       103              pCO2       30       (35-45)                      BUN       25              pO2       96       (80-100)                      Glu       207              HCO3       29       (21-28)                      K       4.1                                                  CO2       34                                                  Cr       1.7                                                  ALB       3.2                                                  CHOL       320                                  
-What factor is contributing to his acid-base disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) gout 
B) shortness of breath 
C) coronary artery disease 
D) HTN 
A) gout 
B) shortness of breath 
C) coronary artery disease 
D) HTN

Question 18

Your patient has emphysema and is now infected with bronchial pneumonia Due to hyperventilation, he is at risk for:

Accepted Answer

A) respiratory alkalosis. 
B) respiratory acidosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis. 
A) respiratory alkalosis. 
B) respiratory acidosis. 
C) metabolic acidosis. 
D) metabolic alkalosis.

Question 19

Case Study
             LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.               Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#               LABS:       Na       133       ABGs:       ph       7.49       (7.35-7.45)                      CL       103              pCO2       30       (35-45)                      BUN       25              pO2       96       (80-100)                      Glu       207              HCO3       29       (21-28)                      K       4.1                                                  CO2       34                                                  Cr       1.7                                                  ALB       3.2                                                  CHOL       320                                  
-The above would result in:

Accepted Answer

A) a lower pH. 
B) an increased pH. 
C) an increased pCO₃. 
D) an increased pCO₂. 
A) a lower pH. 
B) an increased pH. 
C) an increased pCO₃. 
D) an increased pCO₂.

Question 20

Case Study
             LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.               Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#               LABS:       Na       133       ABGs:       ph       7.49       (7.35-7.45)                      CL       103              pCO2       30       (35-45)                      BUN       25              pO2       96       (80-100)                      Glu       207              HCO3       29       (21-28)                      K       4.1                                                  CO2       34                                                  Cr       1.7                                                  ALB       3.2                                                  CHOL       320                                  
-Which of the following is an indication that LD has an acid-base disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) low Na 
B) high pH 
C) low albumin 
D) his diagnosis 
A) low Na 
B) high pH 
C) low albumin 
D) his diagnosis

LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.
Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#
LABS:	Na	133	ABGs:	ph	7.49	(7.35-7.45)
	CL	103		pCO₂	30	(35-45)
	BUN	25		pO₂	96	(80-100)
	Glu	207		HCO₃	29	(21-28)
	K	4.1
	CO₂	34
	Cr	1.7
	ALB	3.2
	CHOL	320

Exam 8: Acid-Base Balance

Acids are defined as:

The most prominent chemical buffering system that is used to regulate pH is the relationship of HCO₃- to:

Bases are defined as:

All of the following except _____ can disturb fluid balance and can lead to metabolic alkalosis

All of the following except for _____ can lead to respiratory acidosis

An example of a volatile acid is

Stored blood contains _____; therefore, large blood transfusions could potentially lead to metabolic alkalosis

Which of the following is the most predominant base in the body?

All of the following can result in metabolic acidosis except:

The lungs work to get rid of an increased amount of acid by:

When pH imbalances occur, it may take as long as _____ hours for the renal regulation system to respond

Which of the following is considered a normal serum pH for humans?

All of the following are symptoms of respiratory alkalosis except:

The process that leads to an accumulation of acid or loss of base is known as:

Your patient has emphysema and is now infected with bronchial pneumonia Due to hyperventilation, he is at risk for:

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment: Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury:The Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Energy Balance and Body Weight

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Hiv and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

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