Question 1

Which of the following statements is true of eosinophils?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc. 
B)  They produce the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
C)  They secrete toxins onto the surface of helminth parasites. 
D)  They decline during allergic reaction. 
E)  They release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
A)  They are in intact skin, sebum, tears, etc. 
B)  They produce the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
C)  They secrete toxins onto the surface of helminth parasites. 
D)  They decline during allergic reaction. 
E)  They release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes.

Question 2

Eosinophils respond to (complement/lipopolysaccharide/histamines)and kill bacteria in a nonphagocytic process.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eosinophils respond to (complement/lipopolysaccharide/histamines)and kill bacteria in...

Question 3

Opsonization is

Accepted Answer

A)  the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis. 
B)  the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. 
C)  damage resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  nonspecific leukocyte secretion of toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
E)  phagocyte receptors detecting PAMPs. 
A)  the coating of a pathogen by complement to facilitate phagocytosis. 
B)  the sticking of monocytes to the wall of the blood vessels at the site of infection. 
C)  damage resulting in cell lysis. 
D)  nonspecific leukocyte secretion of toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
E)  phagocyte receptors detecting PAMPs.

Question 4

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skin's surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The oily substance that lowers the pH...

Question 5

The process of phagocytosis involve all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  secretion of cytotoxins. 
C)  adhesion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  vesicle fusion. 
A)  chemotaxis. 
B)  secretion of cytotoxins. 
C)  adhesion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  vesicle fusion.

Question 6

What are macrophages,and what are their functions?

Accepted Answer

Macrophages are one of the principal pha

Question 7

Phagocytes kill a pathogen once it has been ingested,whereas eosinophils and (MAC/NK/NOD)lymphocytes can accomplish extracellular killing by secreting toxins.(Be sure to use capital letters in your answer.)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Phagocytes kill a pathogen once it has...

Question 8

Inflammation is an important part of the body's first line of defense,and it involves migration of phagocytes to the area.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In a process called (cytokinesis/hematopoiesis/hematocrit),blood stem cells located in the bone marrow produce the three types of formed elements found in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a process called (cytokinesis/hematopoiesis/hematocrit),blood stem cells...

Question 10

The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body,creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in...

Question 11

Sebum contains ________ which contributes to creating an inhospitable environment on the surface of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysozyme 
B)  collagens 
C)  acids 
D)  salts 
E)  bile 
A)  lysozyme 
B)  collagens 
C)  acids 
D)  salts 
E)  bile

Question 12

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivates interferons. 
B)  increases vasodilation, contributing to inflammation. 
C)  increases sweating and consequently the barrier effect. 
D)  prevents viral infection of fibroblasts. 
E)  increases the effectiveness of interferons and phagocytes. 
A)  inactivates interferons. 
B)  increases vasodilation, contributing to inflammation. 
C)  increases sweating and consequently the barrier effect. 
D)  prevents viral infection of fibroblasts. 
E)  increases the effectiveness of interferons and phagocytes.

Question 13

Describe at least three physical mechanisms that are part of the first line of defense.

Accepted Answer

Physical mechanisms include the skin,the

Question 14

Macrophages release (bradykinin/histamine/prostaglandin)in response to microbes and thereby contribute to acute inflammation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Macrophages release (bradykinin/histamine/prostaglandin)in response to microbes and...

Question 15

Which of the following are chemotactic factors for phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide fragments from complement 
B)  chemokines 
C)  interferons 
D)  interferons and chemokines 
E)  chemokines and peptide fragments from complement 
A)  peptide fragments from complement 
B)  chemokines 
C)  interferons 
D)  interferons and chemokines 
E)  chemokines and peptide fragments from complement

Question 16

Antimicrobial peptides called ________ are secreted in sweat and damage bacteria and fungi.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies 
B)  dermicidins 
C)  TLRs 
D)  complement factors 
E)  cytokines 
A)  antibodies 
B)  dermicidins 
C)  TLRs 
D)  complement factors 
E)  cytokines

Question 17

Sweat can cause damage to bacteria because it contains salt and lysozyme.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  mouth 
B)  nasal cavity 
C)  urinary system 
D)  mouth and nasal cavity 
E)  mouth, nasal cavity, and urinary system 
A)  mouth 
B)  nasal cavity 
C)  urinary system 
D)  mouth and nasal cavity 
E)  mouth, nasal cavity, and urinary system

Question 19

The (epithelial/goblet/mucous)cells in the tracheal mucous membrane produce mucus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (epithelial/goblet/mucous)cells in the tracheal mucous membrane...

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has sebum as a coating. 
B)  It has normal microbiota. 
C)  It has goblet cells. 
D)  It is salty. 
E)  It is acidic. 
A)  It has sebum as a coating. 
B)  It has normal microbiota. 
C)  It has goblet cells. 
D)  It is salty. 
E)  It is acidic.

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

Which of the following statements is true of eosinophils?

Eosinophils respond to (complement/lipopolysaccharide/histamines)and kill bacteria in a nonphagocytic process.

Opsonization is

The oily substance that lowers the pH of the skin's surface to about pH 5 and is inhibitory to many bacteria is (sebum/sweat/serum).

The process of phagocytosis involve all of the following EXCEPT

What are macrophages,and what are their functions?

Phagocytes kill a pathogen once it has been ingested,whereas eosinophils and (MAC/NK/NOD)lymphocytes can accomplish extracellular killing by secreting toxins.(Be sure to use capital letters in your answer.)

Inflammation is an important part of the body's first line of defense,and it involves migration of phagocytes to the area.

In a process called (cytokinesis/hematopoiesis/hematocrit),blood stem cells located in the bone marrow produce the three types of formed elements found in the blood.

The normal microbiota compete with pathogens in a variety of ways to protect the body,creating a situation known as microbial (antagonism/competition/resistance).

Sebum contains ________ which contributes to creating an inhospitable environment on the surface of the body.

Fever is beneficial during viral infection because the higher temperature

Describe at least three physical mechanisms that are part of the first line of defense.

Macrophages release (bradykinin/histamine/prostaglandin)in response to microbes and thereby contribute to acute inflammation.

Which of the following are chemotactic factors for phagocytes?

Antimicrobial peptides called ________ are secreted in sweat and damage bacteria and fungi.

Sweat can cause damage to bacteria because it contains salt and lysozyme.

Which of the following areas of the body have mucous membranes?

The (epithelial/goblet/mucous)cells in the tracheal mucous membrane produce mucus.

Which of the following statements regarding the surface of the skin is false?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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