Question 1

Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron?

Accepted Answer

A)  gastroferritin 
B)  lactoferrin 
C)  ferritin 
D)  transferrin 
E)  siderophores 
A)  gastroferritin 
B)  lactoferrin 
C)  ferritin 
D)  transferrin 
E)  siderophores

Question 2

Which of the following substances stimulates the phagocytic activity of phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  gamma interferons 
B)  alpha interferons 
C)  beta interferons 
D)  antiviral proteins 
E)  leukotrienes 
A)  gamma interferons 
B)  alpha interferons 
C)  beta interferons 
D)  antiviral proteins 
E)  leukotrienes

Question 3

Which of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  dermacidins 
B)  TLRs 
C)  NOD proteins 
D)  C3 and C5 
E)  interferons 
A)  dermacidins 
B)  TLRs 
C)  NOD proteins 
D)  C3 and C5 
E)  interferons

Question 4

Nonphagocytic (eosinophils/monocytes/NK cells)are a type of lymphocyte which produce toxins to kill abnormal cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nonphagocytic (eosinophils/monocytes/NK cells)are a type of lymphocyte...

Question 5

Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutrophils 
B)  natural killer lymphocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  dendritic cells 
E)  wandering macrophages 
A)  neutrophils 
B)  natural killer lymphocytes 
C)  microglia 
D)  dendritic cells 
E)  wandering macrophages

Question 6

Cells of the second line of defense called ________ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  basophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  macrophages 
D)  NK cells 
E)  dendritic cells 
A)  basophils 
B)  eosinophils 
C)  macrophages 
D)  NK cells 
E)  dendritic cells

Question 7

Intact skin layers are part of the body's (first/second/third)line of defense against pathogens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intact skin layers are part of the...

Question 8

The phenomenon known as species resistance is a highly specific defense against infectious agents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to

Accepted Answer

A)  attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. 
B)  triggering inflammation. 
C)  triggering release of interferons. 
D)  triggering inflammation and release of interferons. 
E)  both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. 
A)  attracting phagocytes to sites of infection. 
B)  triggering inflammation. 
C)  triggering release of interferons. 
D)  triggering inflammation and release of interferons. 
E)  both triggering inflammation and attracting phagocytes to sites of infection.

Question 10

Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  TLRs in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes. 
B)  TLRs on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins. 
C)  Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors. 
D)  NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRs. 
E)  MACs on the surface of microbes are detected by NOD proteins. 
A)  TLRs in the phagocyte cytoplasmic membrane bind surface structures of microbes. 
B)  TLRs on the surface of microbes trigger the accumulation of opsonins. 
C)  Lectins on the surface of microbes are bound by chemokine receptors. 
D)  NOD proteins on the surface of microbes are detected by TLRs. 
E)  MACs on the surface of microbes are detected by NOD proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism"?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions 
B)  the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body 
C)  the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions 
D)  the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens 
E)  the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface 
A)  the presence of pathogens on the surface of the skin, which will invade the body through abrasions 
B)  the presence of normal microbiota that protect the body by competing with pathogens in a variety of ways to prevent pathogens from invading the body 
C)  the presence of normal microbiota that can become pathogens under certain conditions 
D)  the ability of microbiota to mutate into pathogens 
E)  the presence of resident bacteria on the surface of the body and in cavities that connect to the surface

Question 12

Some toll-like receptors (TLRs)are found on the surface of host cells and recognize specific microbial molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

A)  release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
B)  increase in allergies and helminth infection. 
C)  respond to the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
D)  are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
E)  are specialists in killing bacteria. 
A)  release prostaglandins and leukotrienes in response to microbes. 
B)  increase in allergies and helminth infection. 
C)  respond to the coating of a pathogen by complement. 
D)  are nonspecific leukocytes that secrete toxins onto the surface of virally infected cells. 
E)  are specialists in killing bacteria.

Question 14

The first and second lines of defense respond to invading microbes by (specific/nonspecific)mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first and second lines of defense...

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  they are both constantly shedding and replacing cells. 
B)  they both have cilia. 
C)  the outer layers are composed of dead cells. 
D)  sebum may be present. 
E)  lysozymes are always present. 
A)  they are both constantly shedding and replacing cells. 
B)  they both have cilia. 
C)  the outer layers are composed of dead cells. 
D)  sebum may be present. 
E)  lysozymes are always present.

Question 16

The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as

Accepted Answer

A)  responders to invasion. 
B)  passive barriers. 
C)  mechanisms to strengthen the first line of defense. 
D)  detecting the unique features of specific pathogens. 
E)  both passive barriers and detecting specific pathogen features. 
A)  responders to invasion. 
B)  passive barriers. 
C)  mechanisms to strengthen the first line of defense. 
D)  detecting the unique features of specific pathogens. 
E)  both passive barriers and detecting specific pathogen features.

Question 17

How does aspirin act to decrease the symptoms of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A)  it acts as an antiprostaglandin. 
B)  it is an antitoxoid for most microbial toxins. 
C)  it prevents complement activation. 
D)  it interferes with the action of interferons. 
E)  it blocks the release of histamine. 
A)  it acts as an antiprostaglandin. 
B)  it is an antitoxoid for most microbial toxins. 
C)  it prevents complement activation. 
D)  it interferes with the action of interferons. 
E)  it blocks the release of histamine.

Question 18

The proportion of (plasma/leukocytes/RBCs),as determined by a differential white blood cell count,can serve as a sign of disease.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The proportion of (plasma/leukocytes/RBCs),as determined by a...

Question 19

Innate immunity is not effective against fungus infections.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following cells can use nonphagocytic means to kill bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  eosinophils 
B)  macrophages 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  natural killer cells 
E)  both eosinophils and neutrophils 
A)  eosinophils 
B)  macrophages 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  natural killer cells 
E)  both eosinophils and neutrophils

Exam 15: Innate Immunity

Which of the following is an iron-binding protein produced by pathogens to access the body's store of iron?

Which of the following substances stimulates the phagocytic activity of phagocytes?

Which of the following proteins are part of the first line of defense against microbial invasion?

Nonphagocytic (eosinophils/monocytes/NK cells)are a type of lymphocyte which produce toxins to kill abnormal cells.

Which of the following are phagocytic cells found in the epidermis?

Cells of the second line of defense called ________ recognize and kill virus-infected cells.

Intact skin layers are part of the body's (first/second/third)line of defense against pathogens.

The phenomenon known as species resistance is a highly specific defense against infectious agents.

The complement cascade and its by-products contribute to

Which of the following statements regarding phagocyte recognition of pathogens is true?

Which of the following is the best definition of "microbial antagonism"?

Some toll-like receptors (TLRs)are found on the surface of host cells and recognize specific microbial molecules.

The leukocytes called natural killer lymphocytes

The first and second lines of defense respond to invading microbes by (specific/nonspecific)mechanisms.

Which of the following characteristics is shared by the skin and mucous membranes?

The components of the second line of defense against microbes may be characterized as

How does aspirin act to decrease the symptoms of inflammation?

The proportion of (plasma/leukocytes/RBCs),as determined by a differential white blood cell count,can serve as a sign of disease.

Innate immunity is not effective against fungus infections.

Which of the following cells can use nonphagocytic means to kill bacteria?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant DNA Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic DNA Viruses

Pathogenic RNA Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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