Question 1

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli. 
B)  decreasing thoracic compliance. 
C)  attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
D)  increasing the surface area for gas exchange. 
E)  increases the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli. 
A)  decreasing the surface tension between water molecules on the lining of the alveoli. 
B)  decreasing thoracic compliance. 
C)  attracting water to the alveolar surface. 
D)  increasing the surface area for gas exchange. 
E)  increases the surface tension between fluid and the alveoli.

Question 2

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

Accepted Answer

A)  increases turbulence in the airflow 
B)  olfaction 
C)  increases surface area for cleaning, warming, and moisturizing the air 
D)  increases turbulence and surface area for cleaning, warming and moisturizing the air 
A)  increases turbulence in the airflow 
B)  olfaction 
C)  increases surface area for cleaning, warming, and moisturizing the air 
D)  increases turbulence and surface area for cleaning, warming and moisturizing the air

Question 3

A patient has severe pneumonia, which has thickened the respiratory membrane. Despite oxygen therapy, he still has rapid respiration and feels as if he is not getting enough air. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  the oxygen increases the stimulation of the carotid and aortic bodies. 
B)  the oxygen stimulates the respiratory center to increase the respiratory rate. 
C)  his blood pH increased and stimulated an increase in his respiratory rate. 
D)  even though he is receiving enough oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions accumulate in his blood and cause the respiratory rate to continue to increase. 
E)  oxygen cannot diffuse across the thickened membrane. 
A)  the oxygen increases the stimulation of the carotid and aortic bodies. 
B)  the oxygen stimulates the respiratory center to increase the respiratory rate. 
C)  his blood pH increased and stimulated an increase in his respiratory rate. 
D)  even though he is receiving enough oxygen, carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions accumulate in his blood and cause the respiratory rate to continue to increase. 
E)  oxygen cannot diffuse across the thickened membrane.

Question 4

Contraction of the __________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum.

Accepted Answer

External i

Question 5

Which of the paired cartilages of the larynx articulate with the cricoid cartilage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid 
B)  Corniculate 
C)  Cuneiform 
D)  Epiglottis 
E)  Arytenoid 
A)  Thyroid 
B)  Corniculate 
C)  Cuneiform 
D)  Epiglottis 
E)  Arytenoid

Question 6

As air moves down through the tracheobronchial tree, the FIRST segment that will contain alveoli will be

Accepted Answer

A)  terminal bronchioles. 
B)  alvolar duct. 
C)  alveolar sac. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  respiratory bronchioles. 
A)  terminal bronchioles. 
B)  alvolar duct. 
C)  alveolar sac. 
D)  bronchioles. 
E)  respiratory bronchioles.

Question 7

Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased fluid in the alveoli 
B)  increased thickness of the respiratory membrane 
C)  increased surface area of the respiratory membrane 
D)  increased connective tissue in the alveolar wall 
E)  decreased surface area of the respiratory membrane 
A)  increased fluid in the alveoli 
B)  increased thickness of the respiratory membrane 
C)  increased surface area of the respiratory membrane 
D)  increased connective tissue in the alveolar wall 
E)  decreased surface area of the respiratory membrane

Question 8

Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description.
-sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of the alveolar walls 
B) inflammation of the bronchii 
C) inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs 
D) replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue 
E) infant stops breathing during sleep 
A) destruction of the alveolar walls 
B) inflammation of the bronchii 
C) inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs 
D) replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue 
E) infant stops breathing during sleep

Question 9

Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description.
-cystic fibrosis

Accepted Answer

A) destruction of the alveolar walls 
B) inflammation of the bronchii 
C) inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs 
D) replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue 
E) infant stops breathing during sleep 
A) destruction of the alveolar walls 
B) inflammation of the bronchii 
C) inherited disease that affects secretory cells lining the lungs 
D) replacement of lung tissue with fibrous connective tissue 
E) infant stops breathing during sleep

Question 10

The major regulator of respiration is the plasma concentration of

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  water vapor. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  chloride. 
A)  oxygen. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  water vapor. 
D)  nitrogen. 
E)  chloride.

Question 11

How does carbon monoxide affect red blood cells (RBCs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes them to shrivel. 
B)  The hemoglobin within the RBC bind to carbon monoxide. 
C)  The hemoglobin rejects carbon monoxide. 
D)  The RBCs clump together. 
E)  The carbon monoxide converts to carbon dioxide. 
A)  It causes them to shrivel. 
B)  The hemoglobin within the RBC bind to carbon monoxide. 
C)  The hemoglobin rejects carbon monoxide. 
D)  The RBCs clump together. 
E)  The carbon monoxide converts to carbon dioxide.

Question 12

Which of the following is a passageway for both air and food?

Accepted Answer

A)  trachea 
B)  larynx 
C)  pharynx 
D)  bronchus 
E)  esophagus 
A)  trachea 
B)  larynx 
C)  pharynx 
D)  bronchus 
E)  esophagus

Question 13

Match the term with the appropriate description, answer with the letter preceding the description.
-internal nares
"Enter the letter of the correct description below"

Accepted Answer

A) the floor of the nasal cavity 
B) superior portion of pharynx 
C) a soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate 
D) the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx 
E) external openings of the nasal cavity 
A) the floor of the nasal cavity 
B) superior portion of pharynx 
C) a soft process that extends inferiorly from the posterior edge of the soft palate 
D) the opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx 
E) external openings of the nasal cavity

Question 14

Which of the following muscles increases the volume of the thorax during a normal inhalation? (1) diaphragm
(2) external intercostals
(3) internal intercostals
(4) rectus abdominis

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  2, 4 
E)  3, 4 
A)  1, 2 
B)  1, 3 
C)  2, 3 
D)  2, 4 
E)  3, 4

Question 15

Blood oxygen levels

Accepted Answer

A)  are more important than carbon dioxide levels in the regulation of respiration. 
B)  need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration rate. 
C)  within the normal PO2 range have little effect on regulation of respiration. 
D)  in venous blood and arterial blood are about the same. 
E)  never change enough to influence respiration. 
A)  are more important than carbon dioxide levels in the regulation of respiration. 
B)  need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration rate. 
C)  within the normal PO2 range have little effect on regulation of respiration. 
D)  in venous blood and arterial blood are about the same. 
E)  never change enough to influence respiration.

Question 16

For air to flow into or out of the lungs, there must be

Accepted Answer

A)  a volume gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
B)  a temperature gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
C)  a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
D)  a diffusion gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  a volume gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
B)  a temperature gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
C)  a pressure gradient established between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
D)  a diffusion gradient between the atmosphere and the alveoli. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 17

Direct stimulation of neurons within the dorsal respiratory group would cause an increase in the frequency of action potential in the

Accepted Answer

A)  glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the pharyngeal muscles. 
B)  phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm. 
C)  vagus nerve that innervates the smooth muscle of the bronchioles. 
D)  intercostal nerves to internal intercostals muscles. 
E)  intercostal nerves to external intercostals muscles. 
A)  glossopharyngeal nerve that innervates the pharyngeal muscles. 
B)  phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm. 
C)  vagus nerve that innervates the smooth muscle of the bronchioles. 
D)  intercostal nerves to internal intercostals muscles. 
E)  intercostal nerves to external intercostals muscles.

Question 18

Which of the following individuals will have the highest vital capacity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a well-trained athlete (male or female) 
B)  a middle-aged, short female 
C)  an 80-year-old male 
D)  a young, obese male 
E)  an adult female 
A)  a well-trained athlete (male or female) 
B)  a middle-aged, short female 
C)  an 80-year-old male 
D)  a young, obese male 
E)  an adult female

Question 19

The nasal septum

Accepted Answer

A)  divides the nose into superior and inferior chambers. 
B)  forms the floor of the nasal cavity. 
C)  is the opening of the nose to the outside environment. 
D)  is the part of the nose responsible for the sense of smell. 
E)  divides the nose into right and left chambers. 
A)  divides the nose into superior and inferior chambers. 
B)  forms the floor of the nasal cavity. 
C)  is the opening of the nose to the outside environment. 
D)  is the part of the nose responsible for the sense of smell. 
E)  divides the nose into right and left chambers.

Question 20

Which of the following laryngeal cartilages are paired? (1) epiglottis
(2) thyroid cartilage
(3) corniculate cartilage
(4) arytenoid cartilage
(5) cuneiform cartilage
(6) cricoid cartilage

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 6 
B)  3, 5, 6 
C)  2, 4, 5 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 2, 6 
B)  3, 5, 6 
C)  2, 4, 5 
D)  3, 4, 5 
E)  2, 3, 4

Exam 23: Respiratory System

Surfactant facilitates alveolar ventilation by

What is the function of the nasal conchae?

A patient has severe pneumonia, which has thickened the respiratory membrane. Despite oxygen therapy, he still has rapid respiration and feels as if he is not getting enough air. This is because

Contraction of the __________ muscles will elevate the ribs and move the sternum.

Which of the paired cartilages of the larynx articulate with the cricoid cartilage?

As air moves down through the tracheobronchial tree, the FIRST segment that will contain alveoli will be

Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?

Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. -sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Match the disorder of the respiratory system with the best description. -cystic fibrosis

The major regulator of respiration is the plasma concentration of

How does carbon monoxide affect red blood cells (RBCs)?

Which of the following is a passageway for both air and food?

Match the term with the appropriate description, answer with the letter preceding the description. -internal nares "Enter the letter of the correct description below"

Which of the following muscles increases the volume of the thorax during a normal inhalation? (1) diaphragm (2) external intercostals (3) internal intercostals (4) rectus abdominis

Blood oxygen levels

For air to flow into or out of the lungs, there must be

Direct stimulation of neurons within the dorsal respiratory group would cause an increase in the frequency of action potential in the

Which of the following individuals will have the highest vital capacity?

The nasal septum

Which of the following laryngeal cartilages are paired? (1) epiglottis (2) thyroid cartilage (3) corniculate cartilage (4) arytenoid cartilage (5) cuneiform cartilage (6) cricoid cartilage

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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