Exam 12: DNA Technology

Genetically modifying human ________ cells may directly affect future generations.

The following figure provides you with an overview of recombinant technology.The end result is a transgenic bacterium with a human gene that codes for marketable quantities of a human gene product.However,molecular biologists frequently have problems with the product.One problem might be ________.

The Human Genome Project has the potential to ________.

Scenario Questions Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions. Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her in the United States. Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Other forms of proof are required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to show that she was the mother of the daughter. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and the daughter (D) as well as from her son (S) living in the United States with her. STR analysis was run on the three samples, and the results are shown below. -You can use this DNA fingerprinting information to make a judgment about maternity because ________.

Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions. Corn crops are susceptible to damage by different species of corn borer, an insect (a type of arthropod) that feeds and lives on corn plants. It is estimated that corn borers may cause up to $1 billion of damage a year to corn crops. Because of pests like the corn borer, researchers have created genetically modified pest-resistant crops. One type of pest-resistant crop, Bt corn, expresses a bacterial toxin that kills corn borers if they consume the toxin. While Bt corn has been planted and used in the United States since 1996, some researchers and members of the public continue to worry about negative effects of the Bt toxin on other animals, including arthropods and humans. In order to investigate the effects of Bt toxins on other animals, researchers conducted experiments where they fed arthropods Bt corn or non-Bt corn. A summary of the effects of eating Bt corn on single species of corn borer, mite, and beetle are shown in the figure below. -One of your local newscasters sees these data and announces on the news that "Bt toxins are safe because they have no negative effects on any arthropods except for the corn borers." Do you agree with that statement?

Which of the following best defines the term "transgenic organism"?

In human gene therapy ________.

The state of human gene therapy today is that ________.

The human genome contains approximately ________ genes.

A DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads -ATTCG will bind with another DNA fragment with a sticky end that reads ________.

You are attempting to link an individual to a crime.The only evidence you have is a tiny drop of blood.How can you use this drop of blood to definitively make the association?

Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of noncoding DNA?

Scenario Questions Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions. Molecular biologists have perfected DNA fingerprinting so that it is possible to use the technique to provide evidence to solve crimes and even identify a child's parents. Recently, a U.S. immigrant asked the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services for permission to have her young daughter who was living with grandparents in their homeland join her in the United States. Her request was denied because there was an apparent mix-up with the child's birth certificate and it could not be used as proof of maternity. Other forms of proof are required in cases such as this. The mother requested DNA fingerprinting to show that she was the mother of the daughter. Samples of DNA were taken from the mother (Mom) and the daughter (D) as well as from her son (S) living in the United States with her. STR analysis was run on the three samples, and the results are shown below. -The short tandem repeat analysis ________.

Ethical dilemmas raised by DNA technology and knowledge of the human genome include ________.

Please read the following scenario and then answer the following questions. Corn crops are susceptible to damage by different species of corn borer, an insect (a type of arthropod) that feeds and lives on corn plants. It is estimated that corn borers may cause up to $1 billion of damage a year to corn crops. Because of pests like the corn borer, researchers have created genetically modified pest-resistant crops. One type of pest-resistant crop, Bt corn, expresses a bacterial toxin that kills corn borers if they consume the toxin. While Bt corn has been planted and used in the United States since 1996, some researchers and members of the public continue to worry about negative effects of the Bt toxin on other animals, including arthropods and humans. In order to investigate the effects of Bt toxins on other animals, researchers conducted experiments where they fed arthropods Bt corn or non-Bt corn. A summary of the effects of eating Bt corn on single species of corn borer, mite, and beetle are shown in the figure below. -Based on the data in the graph,do you think Bt corn is having its intended effect?

STR analysis is a DNA profiling technique that makes use of the fact that different people have ________.

-The gel shown above includes a DNA ladder that can be used to estimate the sizes of DNA molecules.The ladder increases in 100 nucleotide increments,from 100 to 700.Four DNA molecules have been separated on this gel (labeled A to D.) What is the approximate size of DNA molecule A?

A vaccine works by ________.

To make restriction fragments,a DNA sample is treated with ________.

Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments on the basis of differences in their ________.