Exam 24: The Body's Defenses

Anaphylactic shock ________.

One kind of vaccine consists of a solution containing ________.

When the immune system improperly turns against the body's own molecules,the result is ________.

Jonas Salk's polio vaccine trials of 1954 involved giving placebos to 201,229 children and the polio vaccine to 200,745 children.Out of the placebo group,142 children developed polio,whereas 57 children from the vaccine group developed polio.Approximately how many more times likely was a child to develop polio if he or she were NOT vaccinated?

A secondary immune response differs from a primary immune response in that the secondary response ________.

Suppose that you encounter an antigen for the first time.What types of cells stored in your lymph nodes can be activated in case you encounter the antigen again?

Which of the following cell types initiates a secondary immune response?

Histamine ________.

Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for the B cell response?

A researcher detects an increase in the amount of natural killer cells in a laboratory rat and concludes that ________.

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions. In order for cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells, they must bind to the self protein on the surface of the infected cell. Other proteins on the surface of the cytotoxic T cells assist with this binding process. One of these accessory proteins, CD8, has been implicated in many immunodeficiency disorders, including AIDS. CD8 is required for cytotoxic T cells to function normally. Chronic alcohol use is associated with increased rates of pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. A recent study examined this association by investigating the effects of alcohol on the immune system in mice. Mice were given either water or alcohol (ethanol) to drink and then were infected with the influenza virus. The number of cytotoxic T cells that have the CD8 accessory protein was measured in both groups of mice. The data collected are shown in the figure below. -Which group of mice would have a stronger cytotoxic C cell response?

What did Jonas Salk's polio vaccine experiment find?

The immune system is capable of mounting specific responses to particular microorganisms because ________.

A primary immune response is the ________.

Antibodies are ________.

A person's spleen may be removed (splenectomy)if it becomes enlarged due to certain types of cancer,traumatic injury,or damage.What part of the immune system will be most affected by a splenectomy?

One function of antibodies is to ________.

A substance that can elicit an immune response from a lymphocyte is called a(n)________.

Slugs produce mucus all over their bodies that helps keep them moist and helps them move.The mucus also can protect the slugs from pathogens.A slug's mucus is a component of which part of the immune system?

Three B cells are shown in the figure.Which of these B cells will begin to grow,divide,and differentiate further?