Exam 24: The Body's Defenses

Strep throat can develop from an infection by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes.After infection by this bacterium,cells in the body will respond by producing antibodies against the bacterium and the toxins it produces.What type of immune response is being described in this situation?

Which of the following is one of the body's first lines of defense against infection?

Scenario Questions Read the following scenario to answer the following questions. Avian influenza is a viral infection that naturally occurs in wild birds with few damaging effects. However, avian influenza is highly contagious and can quickly kill domesticated birds. Some human influenza viruses are similar to the avian influenza. People infected with avian influenza develop typical flu symptoms (fever, cough, muscle aches). However, symptoms may become more severe and life-threatening. If avian influenza evolves into a form that is easily transmissible from person to person, a global pandemic of widespread human death might occur. -Which of the following methods do you think would be the best way to test the effectiveness of a vaccine against avian influenza that is intended for human use?

The basic function of cytotoxic T cells is to identify and destroy invaders in our ________.

Which of the following compounds do mast cells produce?

Which of the following types of cells does HIV preferentially infect?

The secondary response in the B cell response occurs when memory cells bind to ________.

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions. In order for cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells, they must bind to the self protein on the surface of the infected cell. Other proteins on the surface of the cytotoxic T cells assist with this binding process. One of these accessory proteins, CD8, has been implicated in many immunodeficiency disorders, including AIDS. CD8 is required for cytotoxic T cells to function normally. Chronic alcohol use is associated with increased rates of pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. A recent study examined this association by investigating the effects of alcohol on the immune system in mice. Mice were given either water or alcohol (ethanol) to drink and then were infected with the influenza virus. The number of cytotoxic T cells that have the CD8 accessory protein was measured in both groups of mice. The data collected are shown in the figure below. -Which group of mice has more functional cytotoxic T cells?

Which of the following is a response of our innate defense system?

The major result of the inflammatory response is to ________.

Why do diseases involving widespread infection often result in a fever?

When you cut yourself,the damaged cells immediately release which of the following chemical alarm signals?

Defensive proteins can assist the immune response by ________.

The primary immune response ________.

When in its life cycle does a B cell first exhibit its particular surface antigen receptor?

Which of the following cell types are specifically responsible for the cytotoxic T cell response?

Why do some viruses mutate faster than others?

Which of the following statements best explains why people with Hodgkin's disease often show signs of immunodeficiency?

A major function of natural killer cells is to ________.

Read the following scenario to answer the following questions. In order for cytotoxic T cells to kill infected cells, they must bind to the self protein on the surface of the infected cell. Other proteins on the surface of the cytotoxic T cells assist with this binding process. One of these accessory proteins, CD8, has been implicated in many immunodeficiency disorders, including AIDS. CD8 is required for cytotoxic T cells to function normally. Chronic alcohol use is associated with increased rates of pulmonary bacterial and viral infections. A recent study examined this association by investigating the effects of alcohol on the immune system in mice. Mice were given either water or alcohol (ethanol) to drink and then were infected with the influenza virus. The number of cytotoxic T cells that have the CD8 accessory protein was measured in both groups of mice. The data collected are shown in the figure below. -What other observation would suggest that alcohol consumption contributes to increased bacterial and viral infections?