Exam 11: How Genes Are Controlled

What would enable a single RNA transcript to be translated into different polypeptides?

What is the first level of control of eukaryotic gene transcription?

Consider the following figure,which outlines cloning by nuclear transplantation.Why does the clone NOT resemble the surrogate mother?

What would you assume if you found RNA transcripts of lactose-utilizing genes within E.coli?

In an operon,the ________ acts as an on/off switch.

The "master control genes" that regulate other genes and determine what body parts will develop in which locations are called ________.

In eukaryotic cells,repressor proteins inhibit transcription by binding to ________.

Examine the figure below.In a typical colon cancer,the first step is ________.

Which of the following turns off transcription by binding to the operator?

Which of these techniques could tell you how gene expression differs between individuals with and without cystic fibrosis?

Which of these plays a role in the regulation of transcription in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Repressors act by blocking the binding of ________ to the operator.

Scenario Questions Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions. Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have a sufficient biology background. -Jim came across an advertisement for an herbal supplement that claimed to cure lung cancer by targeting precancerous cells in the lungs.If this claim were true,which of the following is a possible mechanism by which it may act?

Which risk factor is associated with cancer of the colon and rectum?

Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions. You conducted a series of experiments to test whether the expression of hexokinase, an important enzyme involved in glycolysis, varies under different conditions. In the first experiment, you measured the production of hexokinase mRNA in cells at three different temperatures: 37°C, 25°C, and 10°C. Your results showed that the mRNA levels for hexokinase were 5× and 20× lower at 25°C and 10°C than at 37°C, respectively. Based on these results, you are going to conduct further experiments to attempt to answer your research question. -What would be the best experiment to do next to determine if complete hexokinase gene expression is temperature dependent?

Why can mature plants be cloned to produce genetically identical copies?

Scenario Questions Please read the paragraph below to answer the following questions. Jim has become particularly interested in the genetic basis of cancer and has spent considerable time reading published papers about oncogenes. He learned that as early as 1972 researchers suggested that mutations in proto-oncogenes caused by carcinogens can convert the proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. He asked you to answer a couple of questions about this because he did not have a sufficient biology background. -Jim learned that some cancer cells produce more growth-stimulating proteins than others.What would you give him as a plausible explanation?

The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is ________.

In prokaryotes,the production of a single RNA transcript for a group of related genes is under the control of ________.

Which of the following is NOT an example of how tumors evolve?