Question 1

The environment immediately surrounding an individual cell is called its

Accepted Answer

A)  macroenvironment. 
B)  microenvironment. 
C)  microniche. 
D)  colony. 
E)  macrohabitat. 
A)  macroenvironment. 
B)  microenvironment. 
C)  microniche. 
D)  colony. 
E)  macrohabitat.

Question 2

The rumen is

Accepted Answer

A)  found in horses and rabbits. 
B)  an anaerobic fermentation vessel found in herbivores. 
C)  found in carnivores. 
D)  an offshoot of the colon. 
E)  an anaerobic fermentation vessel found in most carnivores. 
A)  found in horses and rabbits. 
B)  an anaerobic fermentation vessel found in herbivores. 
C)  found in carnivores. 
D)  an offshoot of the colon. 
E)  an anaerobic fermentation vessel found in most carnivores.

Question 3

The practice of cells turning on the production of some enzymes and turning off others in response to a changing environment is called

Accepted Answer

A)  compromise. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  metabolism. 
D)  nutritional metabolism. 
E)  quorum sensing. 
A)  compromise. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  metabolism. 
D)  nutritional metabolism. 
E)  quorum sensing.

Question 4

Phosphorus is a component of all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA and DNA. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  ATP. 
A)  RNA and DNA. 
B)  phospholipids. 
C)  nucleotides. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  ATP.

Question 5

Sulfur occurs in all living matter primarily as a component of

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  DNA and RNA. 
A)  fatty acids. 
B)  nucleotides. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  carbohydrates. 
E)  DNA and RNA.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding microbial identification is False?

Accepted Answer

A)  FISH can be used to distinguish subsets of prokaryotes that contain a specific nucleotide sequence. 
B)  Studying the genome of one organism can give insights into the characteristics of another organism. 
C)  16S rRNA sequences can be used to determine taxonomic similarity among prokaryotes. 
D)  Metagenomics involves comparison of gene sequences in DNA from environmental samples to known gene sequences in databases. 
E)  Culture techniques are an accurate way of determining which members in a microbial community are most common. 
A)  FISH can be used to distinguish subsets of prokaryotes that contain a specific nucleotide sequence. 
B)  Studying the genome of one organism can give insights into the characteristics of another organism. 
C)  16S rRNA sequences can be used to determine taxonomic similarity among prokaryotes. 
D)  Metagenomics involves comparison of gene sequences in DNA from environmental samples to known gene sequences in databases. 
E)  Culture techniques are an accurate way of determining which members in a microbial community are most common.

Question 7

The major effect of excess water in the soil is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the level of oxygen. 
B)  lower the amount of oxygen. 
C)  reduce the pH. 
D)  increase the amount of nitrogen. 
E)  reduce the amount of carbon. 
A)  increase the level of oxygen. 
B)  lower the amount of oxygen. 
C)  reduce the pH. 
D)  increase the amount of nitrogen. 
E)  reduce the amount of carbon.

Question 8

Bacteria survive adverse conditions by forming

Accepted Answer

A)  zygotes. 
B)  capsules. 
C)  endospores. 
D)  glycocalyx. 
E)  capsules AND endospores. 
A)  zygotes. 
B)  capsules. 
C)  endospores. 
D)  glycocalyx. 
E)  capsules AND endospores.

Question 9

Fungi are able to handle acidic environments much better than bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which of the following involve symbiotic relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  rhizobia AND ruminants 
B)  mycorrhizae AND ruminants 
C)  ruminants AND myxobacteria 
D)  myxobacteria, ruminants, AND rhizobia 
E)  rhizobia, mycorrhizae, AND ruminants 
A)  rhizobia AND ruminants 
B)  mycorrhizae AND ruminants 
C)  ruminants AND myxobacteria 
D)  myxobacteria, ruminants, AND rhizobia 
E)  rhizobia, mycorrhizae, AND ruminants

Question 11

The sulfur cycle is similar to the cycle of

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  water. 
E)  nitrogen. 
A)  carbon. 
B)  oxygen. 
C)  phosphorus. 
D)  water. 
E)  nitrogen.

Question 12

Which of the following is not a matching pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil-minimal biodiversity 
B)  Bacillus-endospores 
C)  Streptomyces-geosmin production 
D)  Fungi-lignin degradation 
E)  Rhizosphere-soil that adheres to plant root 
A)  Soil-minimal biodiversity 
B)  Bacillus-endospores 
C)  Streptomyces-geosmin production 
D)  Fungi-lignin degradation 
E)  Rhizosphere-soil that adheres to plant root

Question 13

The carbon cycle revolves around

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrogen. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  water. 
D)  phosphorus. 
E)  carbon monoxide 
A)  nitrogen. 
B)  carbon dioxide. 
C)  water. 
D)  phosphorus. 
E)  carbon monoxide

Question 14

Nitrifiers

Accepted Answer

A)  are obligate anaerobes. 
B)  are chemolithotrophs. 
C)  convert nitrate to nitrite. 
D)  are reducers. 
E)  are thermophiles. 
A)  are obligate anaerobes. 
B)  are chemolithotrophs. 
C)  convert nitrate to nitrite. 
D)  are reducers. 
E)  are thermophiles.

Question 15

Truffles

Accepted Answer

A)  are endomycorrhizas. 
B)  are a mushroom. 
C)  are a lichen. 
D)  form a sheath around a root of an appropriate tree. 
E)  are endomycorrhizas AND form a sheath around a root of an appropriate tree. 
A)  are endomycorrhizas. 
B)  are a mushroom. 
C)  are a lichen. 
D)  form a sheath around a root of an appropriate tree. 
E)  are endomycorrhizas AND form a sheath around a root of an appropriate tree.

Question 16

Nutrient poor waters are described as being

Accepted Answer

A)  hypoxic. 
B)  oligotrophic. 
C)  autotrophic. 
D)  eutrophic. 
E)  anoxic. 
A)  hypoxic. 
B)  oligotrophic. 
C)  autotrophic. 
D)  eutrophic. 
E)  anoxic.

Question 17

The bacteria cultured from a soil sample typically represents

Accepted Answer

A)  all the bacteria present in that sample. 
B)  a very small number of bacteria present in that soil. 
C)  all the metabolically active bacteria. 
D)  all the metabolically inactive bacteria. 
E)  most of the types of bacteria in that soil. 
A)  all the bacteria present in that sample. 
B)  a very small number of bacteria present in that soil. 
C)  all the metabolically active bacteria. 
D)  all the metabolically inactive bacteria. 
E)  most of the types of bacteria in that soil.

Question 18

A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between roots and fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Biofilms are likely to be found in environments

Accepted Answer

A)  that are nutrient rich. 
B)  that are relatively warm. 
C)  with rapidly flowing water. 
D)  with low nutrients. 
E)  with abundant nutrients. 
A)  that are nutrient rich. 
B)  that are relatively warm. 
C)  with rapidly flowing water. 
D)  with low nutrients. 
E)  with abundant nutrients.

Question 20

The organic matter in soil is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  mineral soil. 
B)  humus. 
C)  inorganic substance. 
D)  bedrock. 
E)  mulch. 
A)  mineral soil. 
B)  humus. 
C)  inorganic substance. 
D)  bedrock. 
E)  mulch.

Exam 28: Microbial Ecology

The environment immediately surrounding an individual cell is called its

The rumen is

The practice of cells turning on the production of some enzymes and turning off others in response to a changing environment is called

Phosphorus is a component of all of the following EXCEPT

Sulfur occurs in all living matter primarily as a component of

Which of the following statements regarding microbial identification is False?

The major effect of excess water in the soil is to

Bacteria survive adverse conditions by forming

Fungi are able to handle acidic environments much better than bacteria.

Which of the following involve symbiotic relationships?

The sulfur cycle is similar to the cycle of

Which of the following is not a matching pair?

The carbon cycle revolves around

Nitrifiers

Truffles

Nutrient poor waters are described as being

The bacteria cultured from a soil sample typically represents

A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between roots and fungi.

Biofilms are likely to be found in environments

The organic matter in soil is referred to as

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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