Question 1

A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  outbreak. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  pandemic. 
D)  attack break. 
E)  mortality. 
A)  outbreak. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  pandemic. 
D)  attack break. 
E)  mortality.

Question 2

Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called

Accepted Answer

A)  parasitic. 
B)  zoonotic. 
C)  symbiotic. 
D)  epidemic. 
E)  commensal. 
A)  parasitic. 
B)  zoonotic. 
C)  symbiotic. 
D)  epidemic. 
E)  commensal.

Question 3

When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  protected population. 
B)  active immunity. 
C)  passive immunity. 
D)  herd immunity. 
E)  protective immunity. 
A)  protected population. 
B)  active immunity. 
C)  passive immunity. 
D)  herd immunity. 
E)  protective immunity.

Question 4

All of the following are commonly associated with nosocomial disease EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Enterococcus species. 
B)  Clostridium difficile. 
C)  Pseudomonas species. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Clostridium botulinum. 
A)  Enterococcus species. 
B)  Clostridium difficile. 
C)  Pseudomonas species. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Clostridium botulinum.

Question 5

A fly that walks on feces and picks up E. coli O157:H7 then lands on food and transfers the microorganisms, is considered a

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical vector. 
B)  biological vector. 
C)  mechanical OR biological vector. 
D)  fomite. 
E)  cross-contaminator. 
A)  mechanical vector. 
B)  biological vector. 
C)  mechanical OR biological vector. 
D)  fomite. 
E)  cross-contaminator.

Question 6

If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises gradually, this is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  propagated epidemic. 
B)  promulgated epidemic. 
C)  common source epidemic. 
D)  index epidemic. 
E)  confluent epidemic. 
A)  propagated epidemic. 
B)  promulgated epidemic. 
C)  common source epidemic. 
D)  index epidemic. 
E)  confluent epidemic.

Question 7

A picnic was attended by 1,000 people. Potato salad was served at the event. The next day, 140 people reported vomiting and diarrhea. What was the attack rate of this food-borne illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.4% 
B)  14% 
C)  140% 
D)  10% 
E)  More information is needed. 
A)  1.4% 
B)  14% 
C)  140% 
D)  10% 
E)  More information is needed.

Question 8

Vertical transmission involves

Accepted Answer

A)  droplet transmission. 
B)  fomites. 
C)  pregnant woman to fetus. 
D)  pasteurization. 
E)  insect to human. 
A)  droplet transmission. 
B)  fomites. 
C)  pregnant woman to fetus. 
D)  pasteurization. 
E)  insect to human.

Question 9

Approximately what percentage of hospitalized patients may develop a nosocomial infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  5% 
C)  15% 
D)  20% 
E)  70% 
A)  0% 
B)  5% 
C)  15% 
D)  20% 
E)  70%

Question 10

The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their

Accepted Answer

A)  general health. 
B)  genetic background. 
C)  cultural practices. 
D)  age. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  general health. 
B)  genetic background. 
C)  cultural practices. 
D)  age. 
E)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 11

In this case, the reservoir of infection was likely the

Accepted Answer

A)  chicken wings. 
B)  Susan. 
C)  flatware used at the picnic. 
D)  river in the park. 
E)  mosquitoes. 
A)  chicken wings. 
B)  Susan. 
C)  flatware used at the picnic. 
D)  river in the park. 
E)  mosquitoes.

Question 12

A gradual rise in numbers during an epidemic indicates a common source epidemic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Droplet nuclei typically travel no farther from point of release than

Accepted Answer

A)  3 meters. 
B)  5 meters. 
C)  1 meter. 
D)  12 inches. 
E)  They are suspended indefinitely. 
A)  3 meters. 
B)  5 meters. 
C)  1 meter. 
D)  12 inches. 
E)  They are suspended indefinitely.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a mechanical vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fomite 
B)  Human 
C)  Fly 
D)  Flea 
E)  Fomite AND human 
A)  Fomite 
B)  Human 
C)  Fly 
D)  Flea 
E)  Fomite AND human

Question 15

In order to prevent spread of microorganisms from the microbiology laboratory, the room air should be

Accepted Answer

A)  under positive pressure AND filtered. 
B)  under negative pressure AND filtered. 
C)  under negative pressure, chilled, AND filtered. 
D)  under positive pressure, chilled, AND filtered. 
E)  under neutral pressure, chilled, AND filtered. 
A)  under positive pressure AND filtered. 
B)  under negative pressure AND filtered. 
C)  under negative pressure, chilled, AND filtered. 
D)  under positive pressure, chilled, AND filtered. 
E)  under neutral pressure, chilled, AND filtered.

Question 16

Which pathogen is INCORRECTLY matched with a portal of exit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Influenza virus-respiratory droplets. 
B)  Vibrio cholerae-feces. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis-droplets of saliva and mucus. 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae-urethral and vaginal secretions. 
E)  E. coli-urine. 
A)  Influenza virus-respiratory droplets. 
B)  Vibrio cholerae-feces. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis-droplets of saliva and mucus. 
D)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae-urethral and vaginal secretions. 
E)  E. coli-urine.

Question 17

Women died after childbirth of

Accepted Answer

A)  S. aureus intoxication. 
B)  toxic shock syndrome. 
C)  Klein's disease. 
D)  puerperal fever. 
E)  shock. 
A)  S. aureus intoxication. 
B)  toxic shock syndrome. 
C)  Klein's disease. 
D)  puerperal fever. 
E)  shock.

Question 18

Nosocomial (or healthcare-associated) infections are infections that

Accepted Answer

A)  people acquire while receiving treatment in a healthcare setting such as a hospital, therapy center, urgent care facility, or long-term care residence. 
B)  are caused by organisms that never cause disease in healthy people, but only in sick or immunocompromised people, such as those in the hospital. 
C)  that are novel or have recently increased in incidence, such as Ebola virus disease and Zika virus disease. 
D)  result as populations increase, and people move into areas where they are more likely to come into contact with reservoirs of disease. 
E)  follow the natural evolution of microbes that allows them to gain new characteristics such as the ability to produce a protective capsule. 
A)  people acquire while receiving treatment in a healthcare setting such as a hospital, therapy center, urgent care facility, or long-term care residence. 
B)  are caused by organisms that never cause disease in healthy people, but only in sick or immunocompromised people, such as those in the hospital. 
C)  that are novel or have recently increased in incidence, such as Ebola virus disease and Zika virus disease. 
D)  result as populations increase, and people move into areas where they are more likely to come into contact with reservoirs of disease. 
E)  follow the natural evolution of microbes that allows them to gain new characteristics such as the ability to produce a protective capsule.

Question 19

A fly may serve as a mechanical vector.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Because of the natural evolution of microorganisms, it is necessary to use techniques that allow distinguishing them at the level of

Accepted Answer

A)  species. 
B)  genus. 
C)  family. 
D)  strain. 
E)  domain. 
A)  species. 
B)  genus. 
C)  family. 
D)  strain. 
E)  domain.

Exam 19: Epidemiology

A cluster of cases in a specific population occurring in a brief period of time is called a(n)

Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called

When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a significant number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as

All of the following are commonly associated with nosocomial disease EXCEPT

A fly that walks on feces and picks up E. coli O157:H7 then lands on food and transfers the microorganisms, is considered a

If the number of people who become ill during an epidemic rises gradually, this is called a(n)

A picnic was attended by 1,000 people. Potato salad was served at the event. The next day, 140 people reported vomiting and diarrhea. What was the attack rate of this food-borne illness?

Vertical transmission involves

Approximately what percentage of hospitalized patients may develop a nosocomial infection?

The immunity of some black Africans to malaria is probably due to their

In this case, the reservoir of infection was likely the

A gradual rise in numbers during an epidemic indicates a common source epidemic.

Droplet nuclei typically travel no farther from point of release than

Which of the following is not a mechanical vector?

In order to prevent spread of microorganisms from the microbiology laboratory, the room air should be

Which pathogen is INCORRECTLY matched with a portal of exit?

Women died after childbirth of

Nosocomial (or healthcare-associated) infections are infections that

A fly may serve as a mechanical vector.

Because of the natural evolution of microorganisms, it is necessary to use techniques that allow distinguishing them at the level of

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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