Question 1

Please select the definition that is INCORRECT.

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemotrophs-organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds. 
B)  Chemolithotrophs-organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals. 
C)  Anoxygenic phototrophs-photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O₂. 
D)  Nitrifiers-Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds. 
E)  Mycobacteria-Gram-negative bacteria that group together to form complex fruiting bodies. 
A)  Chemotrophs-organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds. 
B)  Chemolithotrophs-organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals. 
C)  Anoxygenic phototrophs-photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O₂. 
D)  Nitrifiers-Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds. 
E)  Mycobacteria-Gram-negative bacteria that group together to form complex fruiting bodies.

Question 2

The Euryarchaeota includes all

Accepted Answer

A)  known extreme acidophiles. 
B)  the bacteria. 
C)  known methanogens. 
D)  green sulfur bacteria. 
E)  intracellular parasites. 
A)  known extreme acidophiles. 
B)  the bacteria. 
C)  known methanogens. 
D)  green sulfur bacteria. 
E)  intracellular parasites.

Question 3

Sulfuric acid is

Accepted Answer

A)  involved in bioleaching AND produced by Lactobacillus. 
B)  produced by unicellular sulfur-oxidizers AND is a result of reduction of metal sulfides. 
C)  involved in bioleaching AND produced by unicellular sulfur-oxidizers. 
D)  a result of reduction of metal sulfides AND involved in bioleaching. 
E)  is a result of reduction of metal sulfides AND is produced by Lactobacillus. 
A)  involved in bioleaching AND produced by Lactobacillus. 
B)  produced by unicellular sulfur-oxidizers AND is a result of reduction of metal sulfides. 
C)  involved in bioleaching AND produced by unicellular sulfur-oxidizers. 
D)  a result of reduction of metal sulfides AND involved in bioleaching. 
E)  is a result of reduction of metal sulfides AND is produced by Lactobacillus.

Question 4

The lactobacilli, in their role as normal microbiota of the vagina, help the vagina resist infection by contributing to

Accepted Answer

A)  the neutrality of the vaginal mucus. 
B)  food for the resident vaginal microbiota. 
C)  acidity of the vagina. 
D)  fertility of the host. 
E)  a high vaginal pH. 
A)  the neutrality of the vaginal mucus. 
B)  food for the resident vaginal microbiota. 
C)  acidity of the vagina. 
D)  fertility of the host. 
E)  a high vaginal pH.

Question 5

Streptococcus pyogenes

Accepted Answer

A)  is alpha-hemolytic. 
B)  is gamma-hemolytic. 
C)  is beta-hemolytic. 
D)  may form endospores. 
E)  is alpha-hemolytic AND may form endospores. 
A)  is alpha-hemolytic. 
B)  is gamma-hemolytic. 
C)  is beta-hemolytic. 
D)  may form endospores. 
E)  is alpha-hemolytic AND may form endospores.

Question 6

Archaea are typically found living in extreme environments. An exception to this are the

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfur-oxidizing archaea. 
B)  sulfur-reducing archaea. 
C)  methanogens. 
D)  sulfur-oxidizing archaea AND sulfur-reducing archaea. 
E)  methanogens AND sulfur-reducing archaea. 
A)  sulfur-oxidizing archaea. 
B)  sulfur-reducing archaea. 
C)  methanogens. 
D)  sulfur-oxidizing archaea AND sulfur-reducing archaea. 
E)  methanogens AND sulfur-reducing archaea.

Question 7

Bdellovibrio species

Accepted Answer

A)  prey on other bacteria. 
B)  are parasites of plants. 
C)  may fix nitrogen. 
D)  are photosynthetic. 
E)  are filamentous. 
A)  prey on other bacteria. 
B)  are parasites of plants. 
C)  may fix nitrogen. 
D)  are photosynthetic. 
E)  are filamentous.

Question 8

Treponema and Borrelia

Accepted Answer

A)  are luminescent. 
B)  are endosymbionts. 
C)  are both easily grown on artificial media. 
D)  are spirochetes. 
E)  are never motile. 
A)  are luminescent. 
B)  are endosymbionts. 
C)  are both easily grown on artificial media. 
D)  are spirochetes. 
E)  are never motile.

Question 9

Which of the following contains bacteriochlorophyll?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus, Chromatium, Thiospirillum 
B)  Staphylococcus, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon 
C)  Streptococcus,  Chromatium, Thidictyon 
D)  Escherichia, Chromatium, Thiospirillum 
E)  Chromatium, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon 
A)  Bacillus, Chromatium, Thiospirillum 
B)  Staphylococcus, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon 
C)  Streptococcus,  Chromatium, Thidictyon 
D)  Escherichia, Chromatium, Thiospirillum 
E)  Chromatium, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon

Question 10

Which of the following genera are obligate intracellular parasites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlamydia AND Mycoplasma 
B)  Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, AND Micrococcus 
C)  Escherichia AND Erlichia 
D)  Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia 
E)  Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia 
A)  Chlamydia AND Mycoplasma 
B)  Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, AND Micrococcus 
C)  Escherichia AND Erlichia 
D)  Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia 
E)  Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia

Question 11

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be

Accepted Answer

A)  purple sulfur bacteria. 
B)  green non-sulfur bacteria. 
C)  purple non-sulfur bacteria. 
D)  cyanobacteria. 
E)  cyanoarchaea. 
A)  purple sulfur bacteria. 
B)  green non-sulfur bacteria. 
C)  purple non-sulfur bacteria. 
D)  cyanobacteria. 
E)  cyanoarchaea.

Question 12

The genomes of free-living spirochetes are larger than those living in animal hosts. Why might this be so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Free-living spirochetes will need genes for additional proteins to synthesize or obtain their own food from the environment. Parasitic spirochetes obtain nutrients from the animal host. 
B)  The spirochetes in animal hosts are different species entirely. As different species, they would naturally have smaller genomes. 
C)  A smaller genome implies simplicity-the spirochetes living in animal hosts have fewer needs, so they need fewer genes. 
D)  It isn't so-all spirochetes would have the same size genomes, since they're all the same species of microbe. 
E)  Parasitic spirochetes are smaller than free-living spirochetes. Because of this, their genomes are also smaller; they need less genes. 
A)  Free-living spirochetes will need genes for additional proteins to synthesize or obtain their own food from the environment. Parasitic spirochetes obtain nutrients from the animal host. 
B)  The spirochetes in animal hosts are different species entirely. As different species, they would naturally have smaller genomes. 
C)  A smaller genome implies simplicity-the spirochetes living in animal hosts have fewer needs, so they need fewer genes. 
D)  It isn't so-all spirochetes would have the same size genomes, since they're all the same species of microbe. 
E)  Parasitic spirochetes are smaller than free-living spirochetes. Because of this, their genomes are also smaller; they need less genes.

Question 13

Which of the following genera have dormant forms that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions?
i. Bacillus
ii. Clostridium
iii. Neisseria
iv. Micrococcus
v. Leptospira

Accepted Answer

A)  i, ii, AND v 
B)  i, iii, AND v 
C)  iii AND iv 
D)  i AND ii 
E)  ii ONLY 
A)  i, ii, AND v 
B)  i, iii, AND v 
C)  iii AND iv 
D)  i AND ii 
E)  ii ONLY

Question 14

Coliforms

Accepted Answer

A)  are an informal grouping of enterics. 
B)  ferment lactose. 
C)  include E. coli. 
D)  are used as indicators of fecal contamination. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  are an informal grouping of enterics. 
B)  ferment lactose. 
C)  include E. coli. 
D)  are used as indicators of fecal contamination. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 15

Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Mycobacterium avium 
C)  Mycobacterium leprae 
D)  Mycobacterium smegmatis 
E)  Mycoplasma leprae 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Mycobacterium avium 
C)  Mycobacterium leprae 
D)  Mycobacterium smegmatis 
E)  Mycoplasma leprae

Question 16

Anoxygenic phototrophs grow photosynthetically only under aerobic conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A student complains that it makes no sense to worry about coliform bacteria in water, since we naturally have harmless coliforms in our intestines anyway. Is the student correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  No. The coliforms in our intestines are usually harmful, causing intestinal infections. We need to constantly be on guard against this happening. Coliforms in water might add to this potential problem. 
B)  No. Not all coliforms are harmless to humans. It's best to keep coliforms OUT of our drinking water, since it's difficult to identify which ones might be harmless and which ones might be harmful. 
C)  No. Multiple types of coliforms in water might lead to greater antibiotic resistance in other aquatic bacteria, creating an environmental problem. 
D)  Yes. Regulatory agencies that monitor coliform levels in water simply need something to do to justify their existence. There is no real danger from coliforms in water supplies. 
E)  No. Clean water should not have any bacteria in it at all, so if any are present, they automatically pose a health risk to anyone swimming in or drinking that water. 
A)  No. The coliforms in our intestines are usually harmful, causing intestinal infections. We need to constantly be on guard against this happening. Coliforms in water might add to this potential problem. 
B)  No. Not all coliforms are harmless to humans. It's best to keep coliforms OUT of our drinking water, since it's difficult to identify which ones might be harmless and which ones might be harmful. 
C)  No. Multiple types of coliforms in water might lead to greater antibiotic resistance in other aquatic bacteria, creating an environmental problem. 
D)  Yes. Regulatory agencies that monitor coliform levels in water simply need something to do to justify their existence. There is no real danger from coliforms in water supplies. 
E)  No. Clean water should not have any bacteria in it at all, so if any are present, they automatically pose a health risk to anyone swimming in or drinking that water.

Question 18

How could heavily fertilized lawns contribute to cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and oceans?

Accepted Answer

A)  Run-off from the lawns will get into the water system, leading to large amounts of nitrogen that can be used by cyanobacteria in water systems. 
B)  Nutrient-rich grass will be mowed down, with grass clipping bits eventually washing into sewer systems and into larger bodies of water. These grass clippings will serve as a nutrient source for cyanobacteria, leading to blooms. 
C)  Large amounts of fertilizer will lead to excessive production of greenhouse gases (like CO₂) from grass in lawns. Excessive CO₂ production will lead to large blooms of cyanobacteria in water systems. 
D)  Fertilizers contains compounds that encourage the production of bacteriochlorophylls; after rain, fertilizers get into water and are used by cyanobacteria. 
E)  They won't-the two systems are completely unrelated. How could grass in lawns contribute to effects in lakes and oceans? 
A)  Run-off from the lawns will get into the water system, leading to large amounts of nitrogen that can be used by cyanobacteria in water systems. 
B)  Nutrient-rich grass will be mowed down, with grass clipping bits eventually washing into sewer systems and into larger bodies of water. These grass clippings will serve as a nutrient source for cyanobacteria, leading to blooms. 
C)  Large amounts of fertilizer will lead to excessive production of greenhouse gases (like CO₂) from grass in lawns. Excessive CO₂ production will lead to large blooms of cyanobacteria in water systems. 
D)  Fertilizers contains compounds that encourage the production of bacteriochlorophylls; after rain, fertilizers get into water and are used by cyanobacteria. 
E)  They won't-the two systems are completely unrelated. How could grass in lawns contribute to effects in lakes and oceans?

Question 19

Bacteria that may form endospores include

Accepted Answer

A)  E. coli AND Bacillus. 
B)  Pseudomonas AND Micrococcus. 
C)  Clostridium AND Bacillus. 
D)  Enterococcus AND Deinococcus. 
E)  Clostridium AND Deinococcus. 
A)  E. coli AND Bacillus. 
B)  Pseudomonas AND Micrococcus. 
C)  Clostridium AND Bacillus. 
D)  Enterococcus AND Deinococcus. 
E)  Clostridium AND Deinococcus.

Question 20

Reticulate and elementary bodies are two forms in the life cycle of

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma. 
B)  Caulobacter. 
C)  Chlamydia. 
D)  Myxobacteria. 
E)  Treponema. 
A)  Mycoplasma. 
B)  Caulobacter. 
C)  Chlamydia. 
D)  Myxobacteria. 
E)  Treponema.

Exam 11: The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

Please select the definition that is INCORRECT.

The Euryarchaeota includes all

Sulfuric acid is

The lactobacilli, in their role as normal microbiota of the vagina, help the vagina resist infection by contributing to

Streptococcus pyogenes

Archaea are typically found living in extreme environments. An exception to this are the

Bdellovibrio species

Treponema and Borrelia

Which of the following contains bacteriochlorophyll?

Which of the following genera are obligate intracellular parasites?

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be

The genomes of free-living spirochetes are larger than those living in animal hosts. Why might this be so?

Which of the following genera have dormant forms that are resistant to extreme environmental conditions? i. Bacillus ii. Clostridium iii. Neisseria iv. Micrococcus v. Leptospira

Coliforms

Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy)?

Anoxygenic phototrophs grow photosynthetically only under aerobic conditions.

A student complains that it makes no sense to worry about coliform bacteria in water, since we naturally have harmless coliforms in our intestines anyway. Is the student correct?

How could heavily fertilized lawns contribute to cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and oceans?

Bacteria that may form endospores include

Reticulate and elementary bodies are two forms in the life cycle of

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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