Question 1

Extrachromasomal DNA is found in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria AND plasmids 
B)  mitochondria only 
C)  plasmids only 
D)  nucleoid AND nucleolus 
E)  mitochondria AND nucleus 
A)  mitochondria AND plasmids 
B)  mitochondria only 
C)  plasmids only 
D)  nucleoid AND nucleolus 
E)  mitochondria AND nucleus

Question 2

You want to examine the structure of the protein coat of a virus by microscopy. Which microscope is your best choice, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  The scanning electron microscope-it has excellent resolution and magnification (much higher than a light microscope), and can clearly visualize viruses. 
B)  An atomic force microscope-this has the highest resolution and magnification of the microscopes we discussed and we want to visualize a subcomponent of the virus particles. 
C)  A fluorescent microscope-this will let us tag the virus protein coat with colored dyes in order to visualize it using this light microscope at 1000x. 
D)  A bright-field light microscope-of course, we'll need to stain the viruses before we can visualize them against the bright white background at 1000x total magnification. 
E)  The phase-contrast microscope-it has excellent contrast and magnification, and can be used to visualize viruses very clearly. 
A)  The scanning electron microscope-it has excellent resolution and magnification (much higher than a light microscope), and can clearly visualize viruses. 
B)  An atomic force microscope-this has the highest resolution and magnification of the microscopes we discussed and we want to visualize a subcomponent of the virus particles. 
C)  A fluorescent microscope-this will let us tag the virus protein coat with colored dyes in order to visualize it using this light microscope at 1000x. 
D)  A bright-field light microscope-of course, we'll need to stain the viruses before we can visualize them against the bright white background at 1000x total magnification. 
E)  The phase-contrast microscope-it has excellent contrast and magnification, and can be used to visualize viruses very clearly.

Question 3

How do you explain to your friend why tetracycline treated her infection but penicillin did not?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no lipopolysaccharide so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of phospholipid synthesis. However, the organism carries out protein synthesis, so is affected by tetracycline, which interferes with this process. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no proteins so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. However, the organism carries out peptidoglycan synthesis, so is affected by tetracycline, which interferes with this process. 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no cell wall so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. However, the organism carries out protein synthesis, so is affected by tetracycline, which interferes with this process. 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a Gram-positive cell, so has a peptidoglycan layer too thick to be impacted by penicillin. It can only be treated with tetracycline, which is a much stronger antibiotic. 
E)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an RNA virus so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. However, tetracycline which interferes with DNA replication, so destroys this infectious agent. 
A)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no lipopolysaccharide so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of phospholipid synthesis. However, the organism carries out protein synthesis, so is affected by tetracycline, which interferes with this process. 
B)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no proteins so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. However, the organism carries out peptidoglycan synthesis, so is affected by tetracycline, which interferes with this process. 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae has no cell wall so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of peptidoglycan synthesis. However, the organism carries out protein synthesis, so is affected by tetracycline, which interferes with this process. 
D)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a Gram-positive cell, so has a peptidoglycan layer too thick to be impacted by penicillin. It can only be treated with tetracycline, which is a much stronger antibiotic. 
E)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae is an RNA virus so is not impacted by penicillin, an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. However, tetracycline which interferes with DNA replication, so destroys this infectious agent.

Question 4

Cilia and flagella project from the cell and are not covered by cytoplasmic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

When Petrus' grandmother's test results are sent to you, you discover that while her blood work is normal, her urine has Gram-negative bacilli in it. Based on this, you know that the cells are

Accepted Answer

A)  stained blue and are cylindrical in shape. 
B)  stained purple and are cylindrical in shape. 
C)  stained pink and are spherical in shape. 
D)  stained pink and are cylindrical in shape. 
E)  stained green and are oval in shape. 
A)  stained blue and are cylindrical in shape. 
B)  stained purple and are cylindrical in shape. 
C)  stained pink and are spherical in shape. 
D)  stained pink and are cylindrical in shape. 
E)  stained green and are oval in shape.

Question 6

The order of reagents in the Gram stain reaction is

Accepted Answer

A)  safranin, alcohol, methylene blue, iodine. 
B)  crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin. 
C)  methylene blue, alcohol, safranin, iodine. 
D)  crystal violet, alcohol, iodine, safranin. 
E)  alcohol, safranin, iodine, crystal violet 
A)  safranin, alcohol, methylene blue, iodine. 
B)  crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin. 
C)  methylene blue, alcohol, safranin, iodine. 
D)  crystal violet, alcohol, iodine, safranin. 
E)  alcohol, safranin, iodine, crystal violet

Question 7

A patient comes to see you, complaining of a very sore throat. When you examine her, you find that she has a fever of 39S1U1P1oS1S1P0C, and you observe that her throat is extremely red, with pus on her tonsils. You swab the pus and make a slide, which you then send to the clinical lab for Gram staining. The lab sends back a report in which it is noted that the slide has many long chains of round cells that have stained purple in color.
-Based on the Gram staining, you suspect that the patient has a ________ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  fungal 
B)  bacterial 
C)  protozoan 
D)  algal 
E)  prion 
A)  fungal 
B)  bacterial 
C)  protozoan 
D)  algal 
E)  prion

Question 8

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

Accepted Answer

A)  both transport molecules into or out of a cell. 
B)  are both not very specific as to which molecules are transported. 
C)  both require a concentration gradient to function. 
D)  both require use of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
E)  both require a concentration gradient to function AND both require use of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
A)  both transport molecules into or out of a cell. 
B)  are both not very specific as to which molecules are transported. 
C)  both require a concentration gradient to function. 
D)  both require use of energy in order to transport the molecules. 
E)  both require a concentration gradient to function AND both require use of energy in order to transport the molecules.

Question 9

Eukaryotic cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are more obviously compartmentalized than prokaryotes. 
B)  usually have a single circular supercoiled piece of DNA. 
C)  contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall. 
D)  have the same size ribosomes as prokaryotes. 
E)  have a single circular supercoiled chromosome. 
A)  are more obviously compartmentalized than prokaryotes. 
B)  usually have a single circular supercoiled piece of DNA. 
C)  contain peptidoglycan in the cell wall. 
D)  have the same size ribosomes as prokaryotes. 
E)  have a single circular supercoiled chromosome.

Question 10

You discover an encapsulated Gram-positive, peritrichous, spore-forming bacillus. Which of the following describes the organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spherical bacterium with a thin cell wall, a slime layer, and flagella distributed over its surface, that can form endospores for survival of adverse conditions. 
B)  Rod-shaped bacterium with a thick cell wall, a capsule, and flagella distributed over its surface, that can form endospores for survival of adverse conditions. 
C)  Spherical bacterium with a thick cell wall, a slime layer, and a single flagellum at one side of the cell. 
D)  Rod-shaped bacterium with a thin cell wall, a capsule, and single flagellum at one end, that can form endospores for survival in adverse conditions. 
E)  Rod-shaped bacterium with a thin cell wall, a slime layer, and single flagellum at one end, that can form endospores for survival in adverse conditions. 
A)  Spherical bacterium with a thin cell wall, a slime layer, and flagella distributed over its surface, that can form endospores for survival of adverse conditions. 
B)  Rod-shaped bacterium with a thick cell wall, a capsule, and flagella distributed over its surface, that can form endospores for survival of adverse conditions. 
C)  Spherical bacterium with a thick cell wall, a slime layer, and a single flagellum at one side of the cell. 
D)  Rod-shaped bacterium with a thin cell wall, a capsule, and single flagellum at one end, that can form endospores for survival in adverse conditions. 
E)  Rod-shaped bacterium with a thin cell wall, a slime layer, and single flagellum at one end, that can form endospores for survival in adverse conditions.

Question 11

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B)  Scanning electron microscope 
C)  Dark-field light microscope 
D)  Atomic force microscope 
E)  Compound light microscope 
A)  Confocal scanning laser microscope 
B)  Scanning electron microscope 
C)  Dark-field light microscope 
D)  Atomic force microscope 
E)  Compound light microscope

Question 12

Which terms refer to bacterial morphology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacillus AND polyhedral 
B)  Coccus AND polyhedral 
C)  Coccus AND Bacillus 
D)  Polyhedral, coccus, AND Bacillus 
E)  Coccus AND squarish 
A)  Bacillus AND polyhedral 
B)  Coccus AND polyhedral 
C)  Coccus AND Bacillus 
D)  Polyhedral, coccus, AND Bacillus 
E)  Coccus AND squarish

Question 13

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is naturally resistant to penicillin because it lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall and penicillin interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The nucleus

Accepted Answer

A)  is a single phospholipid membrane sac containing prokaryotic DNA. 
B)  is a smaller structure contained within the eukaryotic nucleolus. 
C)  is a double membrane sac containing DNA and is found in eukaryotes. 
D)  cannot transport molecules to the cytoplasm due to the double membrane barrier. 
E)  is a triple phospholipid membrane sac containing prokaryotic RNA. 
A)  is a single phospholipid membrane sac containing prokaryotic DNA. 
B)  is a smaller structure contained within the eukaryotic nucleolus. 
C)  is a double membrane sac containing DNA and is found in eukaryotes. 
D)  cannot transport molecules to the cytoplasm due to the double membrane barrier. 
E)  is a triple phospholipid membrane sac containing prokaryotic RNA.

Question 15

Which may result in Gram-positive bacteria appearing to be Gram-negative?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decolorizing too long AND using young cultures. 
B)  Decolorizing too short AND using young cultures. 
C)  Decolorizing too long AND using old cultures. 
D)  Decolorizing too short AND using old cultures. 
E)  Forgetting to decolorize AND using old cultures. 
A)  Decolorizing too long AND using young cultures. 
B)  Decolorizing too short AND using young cultures. 
C)  Decolorizing too long AND using old cultures. 
D)  Decolorizing too short AND using old cultures. 
E)  Forgetting to decolorize AND using old cultures.

Question 16

Endospores are

Accepted Answer

A)  a dormant cell type. 
B)  a type of reproduction. 
C)  obligate intracellular parasites. 
D)  sensitive to damaging environmental conditions. 
E)  made by all bacterial genera. 
A)  a dormant cell type. 
B)  a type of reproduction. 
C)  obligate intracellular parasites. 
D)  sensitive to damaging environmental conditions. 
E)  made by all bacterial genera.

Question 17

Penicillin affects the synthesis of phospholipids, thereby producing weak membranes and lysis of the bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following bacteria lack(s) a peptidoglycan cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  Treponema pallidum 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  These all contain a cell wall-they are bacteria. 
A)  Treponema pallidum 
B)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
C)  Mycoplasma pneumoniae 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus 
E)  These all contain a cell wall-they are bacteria.

Question 19

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

Accepted Answer

A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  transport proteins. 
D)  secretion. 
E)  aquaporins. 
A)  osmosis. 
B)  diffusion. 
C)  transport proteins. 
D)  secretion. 
E)  aquaporins.

Question 20

The cell wall of Gram-negative organisms

Accepted Answer

A)  has a thick peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
B)  has a thick peptidoglycan layer. 
C)  has a thin peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
D)  has a thin peptidoglycan layer. 
E)  is more permeable to various molecules than the Gram-positive cell wall. 
A)  has a thick peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
B)  has a thick peptidoglycan layer. 
C)  has a thin peptidoglycan layer AND is characterized by an outer membrane containing LPS. 
D)  has a thin peptidoglycan layer. 
E)  is more permeable to various molecules than the Gram-positive cell wall.

Exam 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure

Extrachromasomal DNA is found in ________.

You want to examine the structure of the protein coat of a virus by microscopy. Which microscope is your best choice, and why?

How do you explain to your friend why tetracycline treated her infection but penicillin did not?

Cilia and flagella project from the cell and are not covered by cytoplasmic membrane.

When Petrus' grandmother's test results are sent to you, you discover that while her blood work is normal, her urine has Gram-negative bacilli in it. Based on this, you know that the cells are

The order of reagents in the Gram stain reaction is

Facilitated diffusion and active transport

Eukaryotic cells

You discover an encapsulated Gram-positive, peritrichous, spore-forming bacillus. Which of the following describes the organism?

Which microscope would be the BEST selection for examination of a virus?

Which terms refer to bacterial morphology?

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is naturally resistant to penicillin because it lacks a peptidoglycan cell wall and penicillin interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis.

The nucleus

Which may result in Gram-positive bacteria appearing to be Gram-negative?

Endospores are

Penicillin affects the synthesis of phospholipids, thereby producing weak membranes and lysis of the bacteria.

Which of the following bacteria lack(s) a peptidoglycan cell wall?

Most solutes pass through the cytoplasmic membrane via

The cell wall of Gram-negative organisms

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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