Question 1

Which of these bonds are weak individually but are much stronger as a group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Covalent AND hydrogen 
B)  Ionic AND covalent 
C)  Neutron AND ionic 
D)  Hydrogen AND neutron 
E)  Ionic AND hydrogen 
A)  Covalent AND hydrogen 
B)  Ionic AND covalent 
C)  Neutron AND ionic 
D)  Hydrogen AND neutron 
E)  Ionic AND hydrogen

Question 2

If electrons are gained or lost in the formation of a bond, the bond is a(n) ________ bond.

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic 
B)  covalent 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  nonpolar 
E)  intermediate 
A)  ionic 
B)  covalent 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  nonpolar 
E)  intermediate

Question 3

The N terminal in a protein

Accepted Answer

A)  is the end characterized by a free carboxyl group. 
B)  is the end characterized by a free amino group. 
C)  is typically found in the middle of a protein. 
D)  is the part of a protein that is bound to another protein. 
E)  is indicated with an "R." 
A)  is the end characterized by a free carboxyl group. 
B)  is the end characterized by a free amino group. 
C)  is typically found in the middle of a protein. 
D)  is the part of a protein that is bound to another protein. 
E)  is indicated with an "R."

Question 4

If electrons are shared unequally, a(n) ________ bond is formed.

Accepted Answer

A)  weak 
B)  polar 
C)  nonpolar 
D)  ionic 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  weak 
B)  polar 
C)  nonpolar 
D)  ionic 
E)  hydrogen

Question 5

Select the False statement regarding carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  They may be part of the structure of bacteria. 
B)  They may serve as a source of food. 
C)  They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. 
D)  They may be bonded to proteins to form glycoproteins. 
E)  Cholesterol and ergosterol are examples of carbohydrates. 
A)  They may be part of the structure of bacteria. 
B)  They may serve as a source of food. 
C)  They contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. 
D)  They may be bonded to proteins to form glycoproteins. 
E)  Cholesterol and ergosterol are examples of carbohydrates.

Question 6

Dan is a body builder. He decides that he is going to change his diet in an effort to increase his muscle mass. Dan tells you that he plans to eat vegetables and proteins but no fats or carbohydrates, because cells do not naturally contain these molecules and do not need them. You advise Dan that his new diet is not a good choice, and that he would do better to follow a well balanced diet that incorporates healthy amounts of proteins, fats AND carbohydrates.
-Dan tells you that he knows proteins are needed to build muscle mass but that he doesn't quite understand the role of proteins in a cell. He tells you five things he believes proteins are needed for in cell function, but he is mistaken on one of these. Which of the following statements regarding the role of proteins in cells is INCORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins are involved in transporting molecules into or out of cells. 
B)  Proteins are involved in movement of certain cells. 
C)  Proteins provide structural support in cells (cytoskeleton). 
D)  Proteins are a major component of starch. 
E)  Proteins catalyze chemical reactions within cells. 
A)  Proteins are involved in transporting molecules into or out of cells. 
B)  Proteins are involved in movement of certain cells. 
C)  Proteins provide structural support in cells (cytoskeleton). 
D)  Proteins are a major component of starch. 
E)  Proteins catalyze chemical reactions within cells.

Question 7

Electrons

Accepted Answer

A)  are found in the area outside the nucleus known as the cloud. 
B)  may gain energy but do not lose energy. 
C)  cannot move from one shell to another within the cloud. 
D)  are located farthest from the nucleus and have the least energy. 
E)  are positively charged particles in an atom. 
A)  are found in the area outside the nucleus known as the cloud. 
B)  may gain energy but do not lose energy. 
C)  cannot move from one shell to another within the cloud. 
D)  are located farthest from the nucleus and have the least energy. 
E)  are positively charged particles in an atom.

Question 8

pH

Accepted Answer

A)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. 
B)  is measured using a scale from 5 to 8. 
C)  is measured using a linear (not logarithmic) scale. 
D)  is an abbreviation for "power of helium." 
E)  is a measure of the OH⁺ concentration of a solute. 
A)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution. 
B)  is measured using a scale from 5 to 8. 
C)  is measured using a linear (not logarithmic) scale. 
D)  is an abbreviation for "power of helium." 
E)  is a measure of the OH⁺ concentration of a solute.

Question 9

The sugars found in nucleic acids contain

Accepted Answer

A)  3 carbon atoms. 
B)  5 carbon atoms. 
C)  7 carbon atoms. 
D)  9 carbon atoms. 
E)  either 5 or 7 carbon atoms. 
A)  3 carbon atoms. 
B)  5 carbon atoms. 
C)  7 carbon atoms. 
D)  9 carbon atoms. 
E)  either 5 or 7 carbon atoms.

Question 10

The end of the nucleic acid chain to which more nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis is always the

Accepted Answer

A)  5 prime end. 
B)  C terminal. 
C)  3 prime end. 
D)  N terminal. 
E)  -COOH terminal. 
A)  5 prime end. 
B)  C terminal. 
C)  3 prime end. 
D)  N terminal. 
E)  -COOH terminal.

Question 11

If you placed a DNA molecule in a vertical orientation, then from top to bottom, the two parallel strands are both oriented in the same, 5′ to 3′, direction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Enzymes are required to break which of the following bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Covalent 
B)  Ionic 
C)  Peptide 
D)  Hydrostatic 
E)  Polar 
A)  Covalent 
B)  Ionic 
C)  Peptide 
D)  Hydrostatic 
E)  Polar

Question 13

What determines the chemical and physical properties of an atom of an element?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atomic number 
B)  Neutrons 
C)  Atomic weight 
D)  Electrons 
E)  Atomic size 
A)  Atomic number 
B)  Neutrons 
C)  Atomic weight 
D)  Electrons 
E)  Atomic size

Question 14

Adenosine triphosphate contains

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine, deoxyribose, and three phosphates. 
B)  adenosine, ribose, and three phosphates. 
C)  a pyrimidine base, ribose, and three phosphates. 
D)  a purine base, deoxyribose, and two phosphates. 
E)  a pyrimidine base, deoxyribose, and three phosphates. 
A)  adenosine, deoxyribose, and three phosphates. 
B)  adenosine, ribose, and three phosphates. 
C)  a pyrimidine base, ribose, and three phosphates. 
D)  a purine base, deoxyribose, and two phosphates. 
E)  a pyrimidine base, deoxyribose, and three phosphates.

Question 15

Charged atoms are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ions. 
B)  neutrons. 
C)  molecules. 
D)  polymers. 
E)  atoms. 
A)  ions. 
B)  neutrons. 
C)  molecules. 
D)  polymers. 
E)  atoms.

Question 16

What type of bond holds one strand of DNA to the complementary strand of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Covalent 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Disulfide 
D)  Ionic 
E)  Peptide 
A)  Covalent 
B)  Hydrogen 
C)  Disulfide 
D)  Ionic 
E)  Peptide

Question 17

In addition to investigations with bacteria that led to Pasteur being considered the Father of Microbiology, he also

Accepted Answer

A)  found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers AND created aspartame. 
B)  created aspartame AND separated organic acids using a microscope. 
C)  found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers AND separated organic acids using a microscope. 
D)  separated organic acids using a microscope AND discovered polarized light. 
E)  discovered polarized light AND found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers. 
A)  found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers AND created aspartame. 
B)  created aspartame AND separated organic acids using a microscope. 
C)  found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers AND separated organic acids using a microscope. 
D)  separated organic acids using a microscope AND discovered polarized light. 
E)  discovered polarized light AND found that some molecules can exist as stereoisomers.

Question 18

Microorganisms use hydrogen bonds to attach themselves to the surfaces that they live on. Many of them lose hold of the surface because of the weak nature of these bonds and end up dying or being washed away. Why don't microbes just use covalent bonds instead?

Accepted Answer

A)  Covalent bonds depend on completely giving up or completely accepting an electron to form the bond. This isn't possible for many microbes without dramatically altering their basic molecular composition. 
B)  Covalent bonds typically require enzymes to form/break, whereas hydrogen bonds don't. If covalent bonds were used, it would require much more energy and molecules to be contributed from the cell. Hydrogen bonds don't have these requirements. 
C)  Bacteria grow in very moist environments, where water is freely available. Water is a supply of hydrogen atoms, so it makes sense for the bacteria to simply use hydrogen bonds for attachment. 
D)  All the answer choices are correct. 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct. 
A)  Covalent bonds depend on completely giving up or completely accepting an electron to form the bond. This isn't possible for many microbes without dramatically altering their basic molecular composition. 
B)  Covalent bonds typically require enzymes to form/break, whereas hydrogen bonds don't. If covalent bonds were used, it would require much more energy and molecules to be contributed from the cell. Hydrogen bonds don't have these requirements. 
C)  Bacteria grow in very moist environments, where water is freely available. Water is a supply of hydrogen atoms, so it makes sense for the bacteria to simply use hydrogen bonds for attachment. 
D)  All the answer choices are correct. 
E)  None of the answer choices is correct.

Exam 2: The Molecules of Life

Which of these bonds are weak individually but are much stronger as a group?

If electrons are gained or lost in the formation of a bond, the bond is a(n) ________ bond.

The N terminal in a protein

If electrons are shared unequally, a(n) ________ bond is formed.

Select the False statement regarding carbohydrates.

Electrons

pH

The sugars found in nucleic acids contain

The end of the nucleic acid chain to which more nucleotides are added during DNA synthesis is always the

If you placed a DNA molecule in a vertical orientation, then from top to bottom, the two parallel strands are both oriented in the same, 5′ to 3′, direction.

Enzymes are required to break which of the following bonds?

What determines the chemical and physical properties of an atom of an element?

Adenosine triphosphate contains

Charged atoms are called

What type of bond holds one strand of DNA to the complementary strand of DNA?

In addition to investigations with bacteria that led to Pasteur being considered the Father of Microbiology, he also

Microorganisms use hydrogen bonds to attach themselves to the surfaces that they live on. Many of them lose hold of the surface because of the weak nature of these bonds and end up dying or being washed away. Why don't microbes just use covalent bonds instead?

Humans and the Microbial World

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, from DNA to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Host-Microbe Interactions

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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