Question 1

Which of the following diseases is/are associated with organ-specific autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  autoimmune hypothyroidism 
B)  juvenile (type I) diabetes 
C)  systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D)  autoimmune hypothyroidism and juvenile (type I) diabetes 
A)  autoimmune hypothyroidism 
B)  juvenile (type I) diabetes 
C)  systemic lupus erythematosus (SL
E)  
D)  autoimmune hypothyroidism and juvenile (type I) diabetes

Question 2

Superantigens activate more T cells than a normal immune response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

TH2 cells interact directly with the pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Tolerance is the acquired ability to make an adaptive immune response directed to self-antigens.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If you were given a new necklace and developed reddening, swelling, and itching of your skin around your neck 24 hours after putting on the necklace, what reason would you give to this phenomenon? What immune cells are involved?

Accepted Answer

This is a case of delayed-type hypersens

Question 6

Which of the following is a probable lifespan of memory B cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 minutes 
B)  5 hours 
C)  5 days 
D)  5 years 
A)  5 minutes 
B)  5 hours 
C)  5 days 
D)  5 years

Question 7

In Hashimotosʹs disease, auto-antibodies are made against ________, a product of the thyroid gland.

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  thyroglobulin 
D)  viruses 
A)  bacteria 
B)  hemoglobin 
C)  thyroglobulin 
D)  viruses

Question 8

A high-affinity antibody binds nonspecifically and loosely to an antigen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The most common circulating antibody, comprising about 80% of the serum immunoglobin, is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgA. 
B)  IgC. 
C)  IgD. 
D)  IgG. 
A)  IgA. 
B)  IgC. 
C)  IgD. 
D)  IgG.

Question 10

In B cell selection and tolerance, if no signal is generated from ________ cells, the B cells remain unresponsive.

Accepted Answer

A)  TC 
B)  TH 
C)  B₇ 
D)  CD₂₈ 
A)  TC 
B)  TH 
C)  B₇ 
D)  CD₂₈

Question 11

Which of the following contribute to the limitless diversity generated from a relatively fixed number of immunoglobulin genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypermutation only 
B)  random heavy and light chain reassortment only 
C)  somatic recombination only 
D)  hypermutation, random heavy and light chain reassortment, and somatic recombination 
A)  hypermutation only 
B)  random heavy and light chain reassortment only 
C)  somatic recombination only 
D)  hypermutation, random heavy and light chain reassortment, and somatic recombination

Question 12

Amino acid variability is especially apparent in several ________ in the variable domains of different immunoglobulins.

Accepted Answer

A)  heavy chains 
B)  complementarity-determining regions (CDR) 
C)  peptide motifs 
D)  epitopes 
A)  heavy chains 
B)  complementarity-determining regions (CDR) 
C)  peptide motifs 
D)  epitopes

Question 13

The main bonds present in the C domain of antigen-binding proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  intrachain disulfide bonds. 
C)  ionic bonds. 
D)  van der Waals forces. 
A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  intrachain disulfide bonds. 
C)  ionic bonds. 
D)  van der Waals forces.

Question 14

Selection against self-reactive clones results in the development of tolerance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following cytokines is produced by macrophages and dendritic cells and acts on natural killer cells and naïve T cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  IL-1β 
B)  IL-6 
C)  IL-12 
D)  TNF-α 
A)  IL-1β 
B)  IL-6 
C)  IL-12 
D)  TNF-α

Question 16

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes produce exotoxins known as superantigens that bind to a site on the TCR that is outside the antigen-specific TCR binding site.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Briefly describe how B cells are activated.

Accepted Answer

Antigen binds to the B cell antigen rece

Question 18

Substances that induce an immune response are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  immunogens. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  immunoglobins. 
D)  antigen-presenting cells. 
A)  immunogens. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  immunoglobins. 
D)  antigen-presenting cells.

Question 19

After the first exposure to an antigen, a ________ stimulates growth and multiplication of antigen-reaction cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary innate immune response 
B)  primary adaptive immune response 
C)  phagocytic immune response 
D)  hyperactive cytotoxic response 
A)  secondary innate immune response 
B)  primary adaptive immune response 
C)  phagocytic immune response 
D)  hyperactive cytotoxic response

Question 20

In the adaptive immune response, effective immunity cannot be detected for several days after the first contact with the pathogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 27: Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Which of the following diseases is/are associated with organ-specific autoimmune disease?

Superantigens activate more T cells than a normal immune response.

TH2 cells interact directly with the pathogens.

Tolerance is the acquired ability to make an adaptive immune response directed to self-antigens.

If you were given a new necklace and developed reddening, swelling, and itching of your skin around your neck 24 hours after putting on the necklace, what reason would you give to this phenomenon? What immune cells are involved?

Which of the following is a probable lifespan of memory B cells?

In Hashimotosʹs disease, auto-antibodies are made against ________, a product of the thyroid gland.

A high-affinity antibody binds nonspecifically and loosely to an antigen.

The most common circulating antibody, comprising about 80% of the serum immunoglobin, is

In B cell selection and tolerance, if no signal is generated from ________ cells, the B cells remain unresponsive.

Which of the following contribute to the limitless diversity generated from a relatively fixed number of immunoglobulin genes?

Amino acid variability is especially apparent in several ________ in the variable domains of different immunoglobulins.

The main bonds present in the C domain of antigen-binding proteins are

Selection against self-reactive clones results in the development of tolerance.

Which of the following cytokines is produced by macrophages and dendritic cells and acts on natural killer cells and naïve T cells?

Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes produce exotoxins known as superantigens that bind to a site on the TCR that is outside the antigen-specific TCR binding site.

Briefly describe how B cells are activated.

Substances that induce an immune response are known as

After the first exposure to an antigen, a ________ stimulates growth and multiplication of antigen-reaction cells.

In the adaptive immune response, effective immunity cannot be detected for several days after the first contact with the pathogen.

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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