Exam 27: Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Type I hypersensitivity is caused by the release of vasoactive products from mast cells coated with

Somatic hypermutation occurs only in the ________ regions of rearranged heavy and light chains.

Immunoglobulin G consists of four polypeptides, ________ heavy chains, and ________ light chains.

Which of these is often used as a prophylactic measure to protect a person against future attack by a pathogen?

Natural killer cells like Tc cells use ________ and granzymes to kill their targets without prior exposure or contact with the foreign cells.

________ ensures that each B cell produces only one immunoglobulin.

Each immunoglobulin or TCR interacts with a single antigen, but MHC proteins can interact with more than one antigen.

Some activated B cells are transformed into ________ cells that secrete antibodies, and others remain as ________ cells.

T cell-target cell interactions induce specialized Tc cells to produce ________ that kill virus-infected target cells.

Haptens CANNOT bind to or induce an immune response but CAN bind to antibodies.

T cells undergo immune selection FOR potential antigen-reactive cells and selection AGAINST those cells that react strongly with self-antigens.

Antigen-presenting cells present antigens to

What is tolerance, and why must the adaptive immune system exhibit tolerance?

The use of antivenom to treat snakebite is an example of artificial passive immunity.

Are superantigen reactions beneficial or harmful to the host? What is different about a superantigen reaction compared to normal antigen-host cell interactions?

Dimers of IgA are present in

The clonal selection theory states that each antigen-reactive B cell or T cell has a cell surface receptor for a single antigen epitope.

A cross-reaction is an interaction between an antibody or TCR and

Which of the following are soluble mediators and activators for T lymphocytes and B cells?

Which of the following is NOT an immunoglobin?