Question 1

Discuss three findings that support the theory of primary endosymbiosis.

Accepted Answer

Possible answer topics could include any three of the following: antibiotics that disrupt the 70S ribosomes of Bacteria also disrupt protein synthesis in chloroplasts and mitochondria; chloroplast and mitochondrial ribosomes are 70S just as other prokaryotes; eukaryotic nuclei contain genes derived from Bacteria; hydrogenosomes are thought to be divergent mitochondria and they, too, contain genes found in Bacteria; mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA in the same form as bacteria (covalently closed circular DNA); and rRNA gene sequencing group chloroplasts and mitochondria with Bacteria.

Question 2

The green alga Botryococcus braunii is a candidate for production of biofuel due to its ability to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  and withstand large amounts of alcohols. 
B)  hydrogen gas. 
C)  long-chain (C₃₀-C₃₆) hydrocarbons. 
D)  short-chain (C₈-C₁₄) hydrocarbons. 
A)  and withstand large amounts of alcohols. 
B)  hydrogen gas. 
C)  long-chain (C₃₀-C₃₆) hydrocarbons. 
D)  short-chain (C₈-C₁₄) hydrocarbons. C

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

A)  protists 
B)  fungi 
C)  spirochetes 
D)  red algae 
A)  protists 
B)  fungi 
C)  spirochetes 
D)  red algae C

Question 4

Oomycetes (ʺwater moldsʺ) contain ________ in their cell walls, while most fungi have ________ in their cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose / chitin 
B)  chitin / cellulose 
C)  silica / chitin 
D)  cellulose / silica 
A)  cellulose / chitin 
B)  chitin / cellulose 
C)  silica / chitin 
D)  cellulose / silica

Question 5

Although ribosomal RNA has been useful in identifying the three domains, ribosomal RNA gene sequences have not been sufficient to develop accurate eukaryotic phylogenies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What would a fucoxanthin carotenoid stain be most useful in identifying?

Accepted Answer

A)  brown or golden algae 
B)  flagellated algae 
C)  photosynthetic diatoms 
D)  slime molds from other molds 
A)  brown or golden algae 
B)  flagellated algae 
C)  photosynthetic diatoms 
D)  slime molds from other molds

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a unifying characteristic of diplomonads and parabasalids?

Accepted Answer

A)  having flagella 
B)  lacking chloroplasts 
C)  lacking mitochondria 
D)  being multicellular 
A)  having flagella 
B)  lacking chloroplasts 
C)  lacking mitochondria 
D)  being multicellular

Question 8

The accessory pigment phycoerythrin is dominant in the ________ group of algae, which mostly lack flagella, have multicellular lifestyles, and occur in marine waters. Those in particular which deposit calcium carbonate in coral reef systems are classified as ________ algae.

Accepted Answer

A)  chlorophyte / coralline 
B)  chlorophyte / rhodolithic 
C)  rhodophyte / coralline 
D)  rhodophyte / rhodolithic 
A)  chlorophyte / coralline 
B)  chlorophyte / rhodolithic 
C)  rhodophyte / coralline 
D)  rhodophyte / rhodolithic

Question 9

Foraminifera that form test structures are exclusively found in marine waters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

A drug that specifically inhibits the replication of the large DNA mass present in large mitochondria would be most effective at killing

Accepted Answer

A)  euglenids. 
B)  ciliates. 
C)  Trypanosoma spp. 
D)  Toxoplasma spp. 
A)  euglenids. 
B)  ciliates. 
C)  Trypanosoma spp. 
D)  Toxoplasma spp.

Question 11

Most fungi are aerobic chemoorganotrophs that decompose large molecular weight compounds by secreting extracellular enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Evidence of ________ supports the hypothesis that eukaryotes are derived from bacteria.

Accepted Answer

A)  antibiotic resistance 
B)  DNA content in the nucleus only 
C)  ribosome characteristics only 
D)  ribosome characteristics and DNA content in the nucleus 
A)  antibiotic resistance 
B)  DNA content in the nucleus only 
C)  ribosome characteristics only 
D)  ribosome characteristics and DNA content in the nucleus

Question 13

All ciliates have cilia at some point during their life cycle, and some use the cilia not just for movement but also to direct food as well.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Divergence of the green and red algal lineages at least partially explains how two different primary endosymbiosis events occurred to form different chloroplast types in different taxa.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The chlorophytes use both chlorophylls a and b for photosynthesis, which make them appear green.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?

Accepted Answer

A)  cercozoans 
B)  ciliates 
C)  chytrids 
D)  zygomycetes 
A)  cercozoans 
B)  ciliates 
C)  chytrids 
D)  zygomycetes

Question 17

Chytridiomycosis is thought to be associated with increases in environmental temperature associated with global warming. Design a series of experiments that would help to determine whether this hypothesis is likely to be correct.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary, but the overall exper

Question 18

Spoilage of bread, which appears dark green-blue to black in color, is most likely caused by the fungus

Accepted Answer

A)  Aspergillus niger. 
B)  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. 
C)  Glomus spp. 
D)  Rhizopus nigricans. 
A)  Aspergillus niger. 
B)  Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. 
C)  Glomus spp. 
D)  Rhizopus nigricans.

Question 19

Describe the mutualistic relationship that arbuscular mycorrhizae form with plants.

Accepted Answer

Approximately 80% or more of all land pl

Question 20

Which group of eukaryotes LACKS alveoli?

Accepted Answer

A)  apicomplexans 
B)  ciliates 
C)  dinoflagellates 
D)  oomycetes 
A)  apicomplexans 
B)  ciliates 
C)  dinoflagellates 
D)  oomycetes

Exam 18: Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Discuss three findings that support the theory of primary endosymbiosis.

The green alga Botryococcus braunii is a candidate for production of biofuel due to its ability to produce

Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?

Oomycetes (ʺwater moldsʺ) contain ________ in their cell walls, while most fungi have ________ in their cell walls.

Although ribosomal RNA has been useful in identifying the three domains, ribosomal RNA gene sequences have not been sufficient to develop accurate eukaryotic phylogenies.

What would a fucoxanthin carotenoid stain be most useful in identifying?

Which of the following is NOT a unifying characteristic of diplomonads and parabasalids?

The accessory pigment phycoerythrin is dominant in the ________ group of algae, which mostly lack flagella, have multicellular lifestyles, and occur in marine waters. Those in particular which deposit calcium carbonate in coral reef systems are classified as ________ algae.

Foraminifera that form test structures are exclusively found in marine waters.

A drug that specifically inhibits the replication of the large DNA mass present in large mitochondria would be most effective at killing

Most fungi are aerobic chemoorganotrophs that decompose large molecular weight compounds by secreting extracellular enzymes.

Evidence of ________ supports the hypothesis that eukaryotes are derived from bacteria.

All ciliates have cilia at some point during their life cycle, and some use the cilia not just for movement but also to direct food as well.

Divergence of the green and red algal lineages at least partially explains how two different primary endosymbiosis events occurred to form different chloroplast types in different taxa.

The chlorophytes use both chlorophylls a and b for photosynthesis, which make them appear green.

Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?

Chytridiomycosis is thought to be associated with increases in environmental temperature associated with global warming. Design a series of experiments that would help to determine whether this hypothesis is likely to be correct.

Spoilage of bread, which appears dark green-blue to black in color, is most likely caused by the fungus

Describe the mutualistic relationship that arbuscular mycorrhizae form with plants.

Which group of eukaryotes LACKS alveoli?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Filters

Oomycetes (ʺwater moldsʺ) contain in their cell walls, while most fungi have in their cell walls.

The accessory pigment phycoerythrin is dominant in the group of algae, which mostly lack flagella, have multicellular lifestyles, and occur in marine waters. Those in particular which deposit calcium carbonate in coral reef systems are classified as algae.