Question 1

The most prevalent human infectious diseases are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria. 
B)  viruses. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  protozoans. 
A)  bacteria. 
B)  viruses. 
C)  fungi. 
D)  protozoans. B

Question 2

Which of the following is/are used to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective media only 
B)  differential media only 
C)  PCR only 
D)  selective media, differential media, and PCR can all be used 
A)  selective media only 
B)  differential media only 
C)  PCR only 
D)  selective media, differential media, and PCR can all be used D

Question 3

Patients infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in environments where drug resistance is expected or has already been identified usually have to take antibacterial drugs for six to nine months to ensure the infectious agent is completely killed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  TRUE

Question 4

Whooping cough is frequently observed in

Accepted Answer

A)  elderly residents of nursing homes. 
B)  individuals with compromised immunity. 
C)  children under 6 months of age. 
D)  health care providers. 
A)  elderly residents of nursing homes. 
B)  individuals with compromised immunity. 
C)  children under 6 months of age. 
D)  health care providers.

Question 5

Explain the tuberculin test, including visual identification and immunological interpretation of positive and negative results, and describe why a positive test does not indicate an active infection.

Accepted Answer

The tuberculin test is a test performed

Question 6

Which organism causes the highest number of sexually transmitted diseases each year?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
B)  Treponema pallidum 
C)  Chlamydia trachomatis 
D)  Trichomonas vaginalis 
A)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
B)  Treponema pallidum 
C)  Chlamydia trachomatis 
D)  Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 7

most of the early cases of toxic shock syndrome in women were associated with use of highly absorbent tampons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following microbial groups is most resistant to desiccation due to their cell wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  gram-positive 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  mycoplasmas 
D)  viruses 
A)  gram-positive 
B)  gram-negative 
C)  mycoplasmas 
D)  viruses

Question 9

Which of the following does NOT apply to bacterial pathogens affecting the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans are the only reservoir for most bacterial respiratory pathogens. 
B)  Most are normally transmitted person to person. 
C)  Some often initiate secondary infections that can be life threatening. 
D)  Most respiratory bacterial pathogens do not respond to antibiotic therapy. 
A)  Humans are the only reservoir for most bacterial respiratory pathogens. 
B)  Most are normally transmitted person to person. 
C)  Some often initiate secondary infections that can be life threatening. 
D)  Most respiratory bacterial pathogens do not respond to antibiotic therapy.

Question 10

Viral hepatitis can result in acute kidney disease, followed by chronic kidney disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which statement is TRUE about Streptococcus pneumoniae and the lung infection it causes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae can spread from the focus of infection as a bacteremia. 
B)  Penicillin and erythromycin are the ʺlast chanceʺ drugs for treatment of streptococcal pneumonia. 
C)  Infection with any strain of encapsulated virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae provides long-lasting immunity to all encapsulated virulent strains. 
D)  Streptococcal pneumonia is not as serious as most people think; if left untreated, it usually runs its course in about a week to ten days. 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae can spread from the focus of infection as a bacteremia. 
B)  Penicillin and erythromycin are the ʺlast chanceʺ drugs for treatment of streptococcal pneumonia. 
C)  Infection with any strain of encapsulated virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae provides long-lasting immunity to all encapsulated virulent strains. 
D)  Streptococcal pneumonia is not as serious as most people think; if left untreated, it usually runs its course in about a week to ten days.

Question 12

Explain the relationship between chickenpox and shingles, how each is contracted, and how each can be prevented.

Accepted Answer

Both chickenpox and shingles are caused

Question 13

Describe how the influenza vaccine is made in the United States. Explain the strain selection and vaccine production processes for the influenza vaccine.

Accepted Answer

Each year a new influenza vaccine is mad

Question 14

Once a person has been infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the individual

Accepted Answer

A)  acquires transient immunity, which prevents subsequent infection for about a year in most cases. 
B)  can be reinfected immediately because of the diversity of strains and frequency of mutation. 
C)  develops long-term immunity lasting for multiple years. 
D)  should be treated using antiserum. 
A)  acquires transient immunity, which prevents subsequent infection for about a year in most cases. 
B)  can be reinfected immediately because of the diversity of strains and frequency of mutation. 
C)  develops long-term immunity lasting for multiple years. 
D)  should be treated using antiserum.

Question 15

Encapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are particularly pathogenic, because they

Accepted Answer

A)  produce exotoxin A. 
B)  produce exotoxin B. 
C)  are potentially very invasive. 
D)  produce M protein surface antigens. 
A)  produce exotoxin A. 
B)  produce exotoxin B. 
C)  are potentially very invasive. 
D)  produce M protein surface antigens.

Question 16

A positive tuberculin test means a patient

Accepted Answer

A)  may have active disease. 
B)  may have been previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
C)  may have a current inapparent infection. 
D)  may have active disease, been previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or may have a current inapparent infection. 
A)  may have active disease. 
B)  may have been previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
C)  may have a current inapparent infection. 
D)  may have active disease, been previously exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or may have a current inapparent infection.

Question 17

Describe three antiretroviral drug types that are commonly used in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Accepted Answer

Fusion inhibitors (e.g., enfuvirtide) bi

Question 18

Colds are the most infectious viral diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Meningitis can be caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infections. 
B)  bacterial infection. 
C)  fungal infections. 
D)  viral, bacterial, or fungal infections. 
A)  viral infections. 
B)  bacterial infection. 
C)  fungal infections. 
D)  viral, bacterial, or fungal infections.

Question 20

Hepatitis B and C are transmitted via the

Accepted Answer

A)  oral route. 
B)  parenteral route. 
C)  dermal route. 
D)  ophthalmic route. 
A)  oral route. 
B)  parenteral route. 
C)  dermal route. 
D)  ophthalmic route.

Exam 30: Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

The most prevalent human infectious diseases are caused by

Which of the following is/are used to identify methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus?

Patients infected with Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in environments where drug resistance is expected or has already been identified usually have to take antibacterial drugs for six to nine months to ensure the infectious agent is completely killed.

Whooping cough is frequently observed in

Explain the tuberculin test, including visual identification and immunological interpretation of positive and negative results, and describe why a positive test does not indicate an active infection.

Which organism causes the highest number of sexually transmitted diseases each year?

most of the early cases of toxic shock syndrome in women were associated with use of highly absorbent tampons.

Which of the following microbial groups is most resistant to desiccation due to their cell wall?

Which of the following does NOT apply to bacterial pathogens affecting the respiratory tract?

Viral hepatitis can result in acute kidney disease, followed by chronic kidney disease.

Which statement is TRUE about Streptococcus pneumoniae and the lung infection it causes?

Explain the relationship between chickenpox and shingles, how each is contracted, and how each can be prevented.

Describe how the influenza vaccine is made in the United States. Explain the strain selection and vaccine production processes for the influenza vaccine.

Once a person has been infected with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the individual

Encapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are particularly pathogenic, because they

A positive tuberculin test means a patient

Describe three antiretroviral drug types that are commonly used in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Colds are the most infectious viral diseases.

Meningitis can be caused by

Hepatitis B and C are transmitted via the

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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