Exam 13: Motivation

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, engineering students consider the improvement in teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. For engineering students who believe their efforts will lead to better teaching, the motivation to fill out a teaching evaluation would have a _____.

____ are the cause-and-effect relationships between the performance of specific behaviors and specific consequences.

The two basic kinds of inequity are _____.

The two kinds of inequity are underreward and overreward.

Which of the following statements is true of extrinsic rewards?

Arvind has worked as an associate at a prestigious law firm for six months. During his tenure, he took frequent breaks from work and stayed at home on weekends. However, his other associate colleagues worked during weekends. When his boss offered him a raise in his salary, he felt pleased but also a little guilty as he felt he did not deserve it as much as some of the others he knew. In the context of equity theory, Arvind felt that he was being _____.

Punishment is also called avoidance learning.

Which of these methods will work best in motivating employees to increase their efforts?

According to the expectancy theory, ____ affect the conscious choices that people make about their motivation.

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, consequences follow a behavior after different times, some shorter and some longer, that fluctuate around a specified average time.

In the context of the different kinds of needs, a glass of water and shelter from a snowstorm would be examples of _____.

In terms of expectancy theory, when _____ is strong, employees believe that their hard work and efforts will result in good performance, so they work harder.

Brian and Hamid are both copywriters who work in the creative team of an advertising agency. Both of them have worked on the same projects many times over the years. However, Brian always feels that his boss prefers Hamid's ideas to his for seemingly no apparent reason. One time, his boss even credited Hamid for an idea that Brian himself had given. In terms of equity theory, Brian would perceive Hamid as a(n) _____.

Linda Stein is the manager of an ad agency. Recently her employees have shown an unwillingness to work as a team. Linda has decided to use reinforcement to encourage more team cohesiveness. Which of the following advises can be given to her on how to motivate using reinforcement theory?

An intrinsic reward is a reward associated with performing a task or activity for its own sake.

According to equity theory, when employees perceive that they have been _____, they tend to experience anger or frustration.

_____ holds that people will be motivated to the extent to which they believe that their efforts will lead to good performance, that good performance will be rewarded, and that they will be offered attractive rewards.

Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to make reward allocation decisions.

Which of the following is NOT a basic component of goal-setting theory?

Which of the following is NOT a type of reinforcement contingency?