Exam 13: Motivation

A concert pianist had always wanted to play jazz and was elated when he got the opportunity to play piano with a group of talented New Orleans jazz musicians. He experienced a(n) ____ reward.

A manufacturer of modular housing gives each employee a monthly $300 bonus if he or she is neither absent nor late to work for the entire month. There are no excused absences. Recently, one of its employees missed a day because she had another important appointment elsewhere. Naturally, under the company's guidelines for bonus payments, she was not eligible for a bonus. In terms of reinforcement theory, this is an example of _____.

Explain the relationship posited by industrial psychologists between motivation and job performance. Use a specific example from your readings or experiences to illustrate how one or more of the motivational models might integrate with the industrial psychology model to provide a fuller understanding of work performance. Cite three implications for managers based on your analysis.

​According to expectancy theory, when instrumentality is strong, employees believe that improved performance will lead to better and more rewards.

Alex works as an accountant at a pharmaceutical company. His job frequently demands that he work overtime. Lately, his health has taken a beating because of his overwork. Alex is eligible for a promotion. But the new position would demand longer working hours at twice the pay of his current position. Alex obviously values his health over his paycheck at the end of the month. In terms of expectancy theory, the promotion has a _____ for Alex.

Andy orks as a freelance journalist at a local newspaper. He is paid $10 for every article he writes for the newspaper. In terms of reinforcement theory, this is a _____ reinforcement schedule.

_____ is a multiplicative function of motivation times ability times situational constraints.

For goal-setting theory to motivate employees, managers must provide frequent, specific, performance-related feedback.

Excessive speed is a major cause of road crashes in Viretia. So, the government has tripled the fines for overspeeding. According to reinforcement theory, the government is using _____ to control speeding.

Motivation is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, students' motivation to participate in teaching evaluations is impacted significantly by their expectation that they will be able to provide meaningful feedback. They also feel that if they are going to expend the thought and effort to fill out evaluation forms, it should be worth the effort. In terms of expectancy theory, students are concerned with the _____ of the task.

According to management expert Bill Roche, results from goal setting can virtually be guaranteed, but only if "you have first won the hearts and minds of your workers. When they are on board with the goal-they agree that it is important and can be done-you really will get dramatic improvement." Roche is describing ____.

A group of assembly line workers at an automobile manufacturing plant felt that they were being severely underpaid. Their bosses wouldn't give them a chance to explain their problem. So, the group approached a labor union to help them with their problem. In terms of equity theory, this group is trying to restore equity by:

In equity theory, _____ is the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly allocated.

Identify the four things that the basic model of work motivation suggests managers can use to motivate employees. Explain how each of these strategies might be used to motivate a 55-year-old tenured professor whose teaching performance has become very weak over the past three years. Briefly explain the relevance of the industrial psychology formulation of the relationship between performance and motivation to the analysis you provide. Be sure to clarify any assumptions that you are making.

Briefly explain the relationship between need satisfaction and motivation.

_____ is also called avoidance learning.

For punishment to work, the punishment must be strong enough to stop the undesired behavior, and must be administered objectively, impersonally, consistently and contingently, and quickly.

_____ is the process of changing behavior by changing the consequences that follow behavior.

According to the model of work motivation and performance, an unsatisfied need produces _____.