Question 1

The three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.

Accepted Answer

A) compliance 
B) self­management 
C) motivation 
D) competency 
E) efficiency 
A) compliance 
B) self­management 
C) motivation 
D) competency 
E) efficiency C

Question 2

A sales manager has carefully selected the members of two sales teams so that they have, as nearly as possible, identical skills and abilities. Both are assigned potential customers in the same industry. Both groups are offered the same rewards. One team makes the sale, and the other does not. Based on this information, one can say that:

Accepted Answer

A) job performance and motivation are unrelated. 
B) the concepts of synergy and job performance are faulty. 
C) one of the components that leads to job performance was weak. 
D) nothing motivates some people. 
E) both sales teams had identical motivation levels. 
A) job performance and motivation are unrelated. 
B) the concepts of synergy and job performance are faulty. 
C) one of the components that leads to job performance was weak. 
D) nothing motivates some people. 
E) both sales teams had identical motivation levels. C

Question 3

Expectancy theory describes one's motivation as a primarily unconscious process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

For workers who feel underpaid, creating a union at their place of employment to attain higher wages can be a mechanism for restoring equity by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) reducing inputs 
B) increasing outcomes 
C) changing the referent 
D) rationalizing inputs or outcomes 
E) reducing employee turnover 
A) reducing inputs 
B) increasing outcomes 
C) changing the referent 
D) rationalizing inputs or outcomes 
E) reducing employee turnover

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

Accepted Answer

A) A bonus 
B) ​A sense of achievement 
C) A contest prize 
D) A trophy 
E) A salary raise 
A) A bonus 
B) ​A sense of achievement 
C) A contest prize 
D) A trophy 
E) A salary raise

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

Accepted Answer

A) A sense of achievement 
B) A feeling of responsibility 
C) A salary increase 
D) A pride from accomplishing a difficult task 
E) A chance to learn something new from a task 
A) A sense of achievement 
B) A feeling of responsibility 
C) A salary increase 
D) A pride from accomplishing a difficult task 
E) A chance to learn something new from a task

Question 7

Goal specificity is the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Dylan worked hard on his latest project at work and did it exceptionally well in the hope that his boss might give him a raise. In other words, Dylan was looking for a(n) _____ reward.

Accepted Answer

A) extrinsic 
B) psychological 
C) assigned 
D) intangible 
E) intrinsic 
A) extrinsic 
B) psychological 
C) assigned 
D) intangible 
E) intrinsic

Question 9

How can managers use reinforcement theory to motivate their employees?

Accepted Answer

Managers can use reinforcement theory to

Question 10

Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is difficult to predict which higher- order needs will motivate behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A) fixed interval 
B) continuous interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) intermittent interval 
E) variable ratio 
A) fixed interval 
B) continuous interval 
C) fixed ratio 
D) intermittent interval 
E) variable ratio

Question 12

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

Accepted Answer

A) expectancy theory 
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory 
C) equity theory 
D) Alderfer's ERG Theory 
E) reinforcement theory 
A) expectancy theory 
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory 
C) equity theory 
D) Alderfer's ERG Theory 
E) reinforcement theory

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of needs ?

Accepted Answer

A) Higher­order needs can be used to motivate people in any situation. 
B) Once lower­order needs are satisfied, it is easy for managers to predict which higher­order needs will motivate behavior. 
C) The relative importance of various needs changes over time in a predictable pattern. 
D) Higher­order needs are only concerned with survival and security. 
E) Higher­order needs will not motivate people as long as lower­order needs remain unsatisfied. 
A) Higher­order needs can be used to motivate people in any situation. 
B) Once lower­order needs are satisfied, it is easy for managers to predict which higher­order needs will motivate behavior. 
C) The relative importance of various needs changes over time in a predictable pattern. 
D) Higher­order needs are only concerned with survival and security. 
E) Higher­order needs will not motivate people as long as lower­order needs remain unsatisfied.

Question 14

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can:

Accepted Answer

A) assign specific, challenging goals to each employee. 
B) make all rewards equal in value. 
C) reinforce the practice of granting overreward and underreward. 
D) avoid the use of empowerment. 
E) systematically find out what employees want from their jobs. 
A) assign specific, challenging goals to each employee. 
B) make all rewards equal in value. 
C) reinforce the practice of granting overreward and underreward. 
D) avoid the use of empowerment. 
E) systematically find out what employees want from their jobs.

Question 15

_____ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

Accepted Answer

A) Attitude 
B) Self­management 
C) Persistence 
D) Motivation 
E) Compliance 
A) Attitude 
B) Self­management 
C) Persistence 
D) Motivation 
E) Compliance

Question 16

The two parts of reinforcement are ____.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement temporality and reinforcement administration 
B) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement 
D) reinforcement contingencies and schedules of reinforcement 
E) interval reinforcement and ratio reinforcement 
A) reinforcement temporality and reinforcement administration 
B) positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement 
C) continuous reinforcement and intermittent reinforcement 
D) reinforcement contingencies and schedules of reinforcement 
E) interval reinforcement and ratio reinforcement

Question 17

Define expectancy theory. Identify the theory's three key concepts.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory says that people will

Question 18

According to a survey done on teaching evaluations, students consider the improvement in teaching to be the most important outcome of the evaluation process. In terms of the expectancy theory, the likelihood that students feel their inputs on the evaluations will lead directly to improved instruction is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) valence 
B) reciprocity 
C) expectancy 
D) instrumentality 
E) synergy 
A) valence 
B) reciprocity 
C) expectancy 
D) instrumentality 
E) synergy

Question 19

Being rewarded with an all-expense-paid vacation to Madrid by one's company is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) underreward 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) punishment 
E) ​positive reinforcement 
A) extinction 
B) underreward 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) punishment 
E) ​positive reinforcement

Question 20

In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

The three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.

Expectancy theory describes one's motivation as a primarily unconscious process.

For workers who feel underpaid, creating a union at their place of employment to attain higher wages can be a mechanism for restoring equity by ____.

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

Goal specificity is the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish.

Dylan worked hard on his latest project at work and did it exceptionally well in the hope that his boss might give him a raise. In other words, Dylan was looking for a(n) _____ reward.

How can managers use reinforcement theory to motivate their employees?

Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is difficult to predict which higher- order needs will motivate behavior.

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors.

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

Which of the following statements is true of needs ?

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can:

_____ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

The two parts of reinforcement are ____.

Define expectancy theory. Identify the theory's three key concepts.

Being rewarded with an all-expense-paid vacation to Madrid by one's company is an example of _____.

In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.

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Exam 13: Motivation

The three components of _____ are initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort.

Expectancy theory describes one's motivation as a primarily unconscious process.

For workers who feel underpaid, creating a union at their place of employment to attain higher wages can be a mechanism for restoring equity by ____.

Which of the following is an example of an intrinsic reward?

Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward?

Goal specificity is the extent to which a goal is hard or challenging to accomplish.

Dylan worked hard on his latest project at work and did it exceptionally well in the hope that his boss might give him a raise. In other words, Dylan was looking for a(n) _____ reward.

How can managers use reinforcement theory to motivate their employees?

Once lower-order needs are satisfied, it is difficult to predict which higher- order needs will motivate behavior.

In a(n) ____ reinforcement schedule, consequences are delivered following a specific number of behaviors.

According to _____, people will be motivated at work when they perceive that they are being treated fairly.

Which of the following statements is true of needs ?

To use expectancy theory to motivate employees, managers can:

_____ is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

The two parts of reinforcement are ____.

Define expectancy theory. Identify the theory's three key concepts.

Being rewarded with an all-expense-paid vacation to Madrid by one's company is an example of _____.

In general, extrinsic rewards are more important to workers than intrinsic rewards.

Management

The History of Management

Organizational Environments and Cultures

Ethics and Social Responsibility

Planning and Decision Making

Organizational Strategy

Innovation and Change

Global Management

Designing Adaptive Organizations

Managing Teams

Managing Human Resource Systems

Managing Individuals and a Diverse Workforce

Filters